Answer:
I hope this helps!
Explanation:
The biggest threat caused by GM foods is that they can have harmful effects on the human body. It is believed that consumption of these genetically engineered foods can cause the development of diseases which are immune to antibiotics. ... As the health effects are unknown, many people prefer to stay away from these foods.
Four atoms and/or ions are sketched below in accordance with their relative atomic and/or ionic radii. Which of the following sets of species are compatible with the sketch?
Explain. (a) C,Ca2+,Cl−,Br−;
(b) Sr4, Cl,Br−,Na+
(d) Al,Ra2+,Zr2+
(c) Y,K,Ca,Na+, Mg2+;
e) Fe,Rb,Co,Cs
Answer:
Hence the correct option is an option (b) Sr4, Cl,Br−,Na+.
Explanation:
Bromine and chlorine belong to an equivalent group. As we go down the group the dimensions increases which too there's a charge on the bromine atom. therefore the size of the Br- is going to be larger in comparison to the chlorine atom.
Sr atom is within the second group, and also it's below the above-mentioned atoms.so Sr is going to be the larger one among all the atoms.
Sodium and chlorine belong to an equivalent period .size decrease from left to right. but due to the charge on sodium its size decreases and there's an opportunity that Na+ size could be adequate for Cl.
Here we finally assume that two atoms are of an equivalent size (Na+ and Cl) which are less in size compared to the opposite two(Sr and Br-) during which one is greater (Sr)and the opposite is smaller(Br-).
A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in temperature. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The average speed of the molecules of a gas depends on the temperature of the gas and its molar mass and not on the volume of the gas.
The average velocity of a gas is given by; vrms=√3RTM
R= gas constant
T= Absolute temperature
M= molar mass of the gas
Where the temperature of the gas is held constant, the average velocity of gas molecules depends on the molar mass of the gas. Hence, if a sample of gas is slowly compressed to one-half of its original volume with no change in temperature, the average speed of the molecules in the sample of gas remains the same.
Sofia orders a spare part for her custom-built bike from Oregon Technologies Inc. The company makes use of a computer-aided design model to produce the spare part at its location closest to Sofia's home. In this case, which of the following technologies is used to produce the spare part?
a. Molding
b. Additive manufacturing
c. Lenticular printing
d. Tampography
Answer:
b. Additive manufacturing
Explanation:
Additive manufacturing is defined as that manufacturing process where light parts and components are being developed or manufactured in 3D form by adding materials to it.
It is a process of adding materials to produce the final product. It is also known as 3D printing.
In the context, Oregon Technologies Inc. uses computer-aided design model in order to manufacture a spare part required by Sofia for her custom made bike by using a process called additive manufacturing.
Thus the correct option is (b).
Match the change to its definition.
Name of change Change
condenation gas to solid
freezing solid to liquid
melting gas to liquid
evaporation liquid to gas
sublimation solid to gas
deposition liquid to solid
Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity (least reactive first.) to electrophilic aromatic substitution:.
Bromobenzene Nitrobenzene Benzene Phenol
a. Bromobenzene < Nitrobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
b. Nitrobenzene < Bromobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
c. Phenol < Benzene < Bromobenzene < Nitrobenzene
d. Nitrobenzene < Benzene < Bromobenzene < Phenol
Answer:
Nitrobenzene < Bromobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in the presence of relevant electrophiles. Certain substituents tend to increase or decrease the tendency of an aromatic compound towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
Substituents that increase the electron density around the ring such as in phenol tends to make the ring more reactive towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens such as bromine has a -I inductive effect as well as a +M mesomeric effect.
However the -I(electron withdrawing effect) of the halogens supersedes the +M electron donation due to mesomeric effect.
Putting all these together, the order of increasing reactivity of the compounds towards electrophilic aromatic substitution is;
Nitrobenzene < Bromobenzene < Benzene < Phenol
Please help answering 11)
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation:
The products of nuclear reaction usually have a different mass than the reactants why?
Answer:
Explanation:
The best way to explain this is to use an example
[tex]I\frac{125}{53} + e \frac{0}{-1} ====> Te\frac{125}{52}[/tex]
You have to understand what happened. A electron was shot into the nucleus of the Iodine. That electron change the entire composition of the nucleus resulting in 52 protons. The mass remained the same (125) but the nucleus was altered. The chemical became 125 52 Tellurium. But what is important is that it takes a tremendous amount of energy to disrupt a nucleus, and a new chemical is born from that disruption.
The target compound that you should synthesize is 3-chloro-1-butene. Again, this is an electrophilic alkene addition reaction.Examine the product to determine the location of the new functionality. Keep in mind the nature of the intermediate. The regioselectivity is controlled by the stability of this intermediate. Assume that only one equivalent of reagent is used.
Required:
State the starting agents, solvents, and products. What is the main reaction and mechanism? What are the TLC values?
Answer:
Attached below
Explanation:
The starting agents : attached below
There is no Solvent required to carry out this electrophilic alkene addition reaction
The products are : attached below ( Cl )
The TLC values can only be determined by carrying out the experiment in the laboratory ( i.e. it is an experimental observation )
Attached below is the Mechanism showing the starting agents and products
Different steps of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH complex are given. Place these five steps in the correct order. Note that thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP, is sometimes called thiamine diphosphate, TDP.
1. FADH2 is reoxidized to FAD reducing NAD* to NADH.
2. The lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E1, enabling the transfer of the acetyl group to the lipoamide.
3. Pyruvate reacts with TPP and is decarboxylated forming hydroxyethyl-TPP.
4. The lipoamide arm moves to the active site of E3 where the reduced lipoamide is oxidized by FAD forming the active lipoamide and FADH2.
5. The acetyl lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E2, where the acetyl group is transferred to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA and the reduced form of lipoamide.
Answer:
1. Pyruvate reacts with TPP and is decarboxylated forming hydroxyethyl-TPP.
2. The lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E1, enabling the transfer of the acetyl group to the lipoamide.
3. The acetyl lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E2, where the acetyl group is transferred to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA and the reduced form of lipoamide.
4. The lipoamide arm moves to the active site of E3 where the reduced lipoamide is oxidized by FAD forming the active lipoamide and FADH2.
5. FADH2 is reoxidized to FAD reducing NAD+ to NADH.
Explanation:
The oxidation of pyruvate to AcetylCoA is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The reaction is an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation process in which the carboxyl group of pyruvate is removed as a molecule of carbon dioxide, CO₂, while the remaining two carbons are attached to a CoASH molecule to form acetylCoA.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains three enzymes - Pyruvate dehydrogenase known as E₁, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase known as E₂, and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase known as E₃. It also requires five coenzymes namely: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), flavine adenine dinucleotide (NAD), coenzyme A (CoA-SH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and lipoate.
Oxidative decorbyxylation of pyruvate takes place in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in five steps:
1. Pyruvate reacts with TPP and is decarboxylated forming hydroxyethyl-TPP.
2. The lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E1, enabling the transfer of the acetyl group to the lipoamide.
3. The acetyl lipoamide arm of E2 moves to the active site of E2, where the acetyl group is transferred to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA and the reduced form of lipoamide.
4. The lipoamide arm moves to the active site of E3 where the reduced lipoamide is oxidized by FAD forming the active lipoamide and FADH2.
5. FADH2 is reoxidized to FAD reducing NAD+ to NADH.
Part A
3.75 mol of LiCl in 3.36 L of solution
Express the molarity in moles per liter to three significant figures
Answer:
1.12 mol/L.
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mole of LiCl = 3.75 moles
Volume = 3.36 L
Molarity =?
Molarity is simply defined as the mole of solute per unit litre of the solution. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
Molarity = mole / Volume
With the above formula, we can obtain the molarity of the solution as follow:
Mole of LiCl = 3.75 moles
Volume = 3.36 L
Molarity =?
Molarity = mole /Volume
Molarity = 3.75 / 3.36
Molarity = 1.12 mol/L
Thus, the molarity of the solution is 1.12 mol/L
Given the following reaction:
CO (g) + 2 H2(g) <==> CH3OH (g)
In an experiment, 0.42 mol of CO and 0.42 mol of H2 were placed in a 1.00-L reaction vessel. At equilibrium, there were 0.29 mol of CO remaining. Keq at the temperature of the experiment is ________.
A) 2.80
B) 0.357
C) 14.5
D) 17.5
E) none of the above
Answer:
Option D. 17.5
Explanation:
Equiibrium is: CO + 2H₂ ⇄ CH₃OH
1 mol of CO is in equibrium with 2 moles of hydrogen in order to make, methanol.
Initially we have 0.42 moles of CO and 0.42 moles of H₂
If 0.29 moles of CO remained, (0.42 - 0.29) = 0.13 moles have reacted.
So in the equilibrium we may have:
0.29 moles of CO, and (0.42 - 0.13 . 2) = 0.16 moles of H₂
Ratio is 1:2, if 0.13 moles of CO haved reacted, (0.13 . 2) moles have reacted of hydrogen
Finally 0.13 moles of methanol, are found after the equilibrium reach the end.
Let's make expression for KC: [Methanol] / [CO] . [Hydrogen]²
0.13 / (0.29 . 0.16²)
Kc = 17.5
How many chromosomes do we not understand?
Answer:
we don't understand why humans have only 46 chromosomes
Answer:
46 chromosomes is what we don't understand
Calculate the molarity of a solution consisting of 65.5 g of K2S0 4 in 5.00 L of solution.
Answer:
Molarity is 0.075 M.
Explanation:
Moles:
[tex]{ \tt{ = \frac{65.5}{RFM} }}[/tex]
RFM of potassium sulphate :
[tex]{ \tt{ = (39 \times 2) + 32 + (16 \times 4)}} \\ = 174 \: g[/tex]
substitute:
[tex]{ \tt{moles = \frac{65.5}{174} = 0.376 \: moles}}[/tex]
In volume of 5.00 l:
[tex]{ \tt{5.00 \: l = 0.376 \: moles}} \\ { \tt{1 \: l = ( \frac{0.376}{5.00} ) \: moles}} \\ { \tt{molarity = 0.075 \: mol \: l {}^{ - 1} }}[/tex]
6. In a particular atom, an electron moves from n = 3 to the ground state (n = 1), emitting a photon with frequency 5.2 x 1015 Hz as it does so. What is the difference in energy between n = 3 and n = 1 in this atom? g
Answer: The question wants you to determine the energy that the incoming photon must have in order to allow the electron that absorbs it to jump from
n
i
=
2
to
n
f
=
6
.
A good starting point here will be to calculate the energy of the photon emitted when the electron falls from
n
i
=
6
to
n
f
=
2
by using the Rydberg equation.
1
λ
=
R
⋅
(
1
n
2
f
−
1
n
2
i
)
Here
λ
si the wavelength of the emittted photon
R
is the Rydberg constant, equal to
1.097
⋅
10
7
m
−
1
Plug in your values to find
1
λ
=
1.097
⋅
10
7
.
m
−
1
⋅
(
1
2
2
−
1
6
2
)
1
λ
=
2.4378
⋅
10
6
.
m
−
1
This means that you have
λ
=
4.10
⋅
10
−
7
.
m
So, you know that when an electron falls from
n
i
=
6
to
n
f
=
2
, a photon of wavelength
410 nm
is emitted. This implies that in order for the electron to jump from
n
i
=
2
to
n
f
=
6
, it must absorb a photon of the same wavelength.
To find the energy of this photon, you can use the Planck - Einstein relation, which looks like this
E
=
h
⋅
c
λ
Here
E
is the energy of the photon
h
is Planck's constant, equal to
6.626
⋅
10
−
34
.
J s
c
is the speed of light in a vacuum, usually given as
3
⋅
10
8
.
m s
−
1
As you can see, this equation shows you that the energy of the photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength, which, of course, implies that it is directly proportional to its frequency.
Plug in the wavelength of the photon in meters to find its energy
E
=
6.626
⋅
10
−
34
.
J
s
⋅
3
⋅
10
8
m
s
−
1
4.10
⋅
10
−
7
m
E
=
4.85
⋅
10
−
19
.
J
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
I'll leave the answer rounded to three sig figs.
So, you can say that in a hydrogen atom, an electron located on
n
i
=
2
that absorbs a photon of energy
4.85
⋅
10
−
19
J
can make the jump to
n
f
=
6
.
Explanation:
I performed an experiment and mixed copper nitrate and potassium iodide. When they reacted, they formed a precipitate, even though solubility rules would not lead one to predict so because potassium nitrate is obviously soluble and so should copper (II) iodide. One can deduce from the formation of a precipitate that copper is reduced. Write a proposed reaction for the oxidation reduction of copper (II) iodide. Justify the choice of the substance that reduces the copper based on experimental evidence. Also, justify the choice using the atomic structure of potassium ion and iodide ion.
Answer:
2Cu2^+ + 2I^- ----> 2Cu^+ + I2
Explanation:
The reaction performed in the experiment is;
2 Cu(NO3)2 + 4 KI → 2 CuI (s) + 4 KNO3 + I2
The iodide ions reduces Cu^2+ to Cu^+ which is insoluble in water hence the precipitate. This is so because iodine is a good oxidizing agent seeing that it requires one electron to fill its outermost shell. Potassium on the other hand is a good reducing agent since it easily looses its one electron.
The oxidation - reduction equation is as follows;
2Cu2^+ + 2e ----> 2Cu^+ reduction half equation
2I^- ----> I2 + 2e. Oxidation half equation
Balanced redox reaction equation;
2Cu2^+ + 2I^- ----> 2Cu^+ + I2
Write the chemical formula for the following:
a. The conjugate acid of amide ion, NH₂-
b. The conjugate base of nitric acid, HNO₃
Follow the rules of Bronsted Lowry theory
Acids take a HBases donate a HSo
#a
NH_2-
Add a H
Conjugate acid is NH_3#b
HnO_3
Take a H
Conjugate base is NO_3-#1
Conjugate acid means one H+ is added
NH_2+H+=NH_3sw
#2
Conjugate base means donate a H+
HNO_3-H=NO_3-you want to remove as much CO2 gas as possible from a water solution. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?
Answer:
Aerate solution
Explanation:
aerate solution is the best way to remove CO2 from water (Carbon dioxide in the water that does not form bicarbonates is “uncombined” and can be removed by aeration).
When a 1:1 mixture of ethyl propanoate and ethyl butanoate is treated with sodium ethoxide, four Claisen condensation products are possible. Draw the structure(s) of the product(s) that have an ethyl group on the chiral center
Answer:
attached below
Explanation:
The Four Claisen condensation are grouped into :
Self Claisen condensation reaction Cross Claisen condensation reactionSelf Claisen condensation is when R = R'
Cross Claisen condensation is when R ≠ R'
attached below are the four Claisen condensation
What is the volume of the fluid in the graduated cylinder measured to the correct degree of precision?
37.22 mL
38.05 mL
37.0 ml
37.8 ml
Answer:
37.0. gsgggsgsghddhhdd
A substance is tested and has a pH of 7.0. How would you classify it?
Low-density polyethylene is formed because _______ polymerization is very unpredictable and difficult to control.
dehydration-condensation
anionic-initiated
radical-initiated
esterification
Answer:
radical-initiated
Explanation:
Radical-initiated polymerization is unpredictable and difficult to control. The reaction proceeds indiscriminately and produces shortened chains, loops, and branches that create holes in the polymer. This reduces its mass to volume ratio.
Hydrocarbons do not dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid, but methyl benzoate does. Explain this difference and write an equation showing the ions that are produced.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
For a substance to dissolve in another, there must be some sort of interaction between the substances.
Recall that like dissolves like. That is, polar substances dissolve polar substances and non polar substances dissolve nonpolar substances.
Hydrocarbons are nonpolar hence they do not dissolve in polar sulphuric acid. Methyl benzoate is polar hence it dissolve in polar sulphuric acid.
The equation showing the ions is depicted in the image attached to this answer.
0. When measuring tert-butyl alcohol for this experiment, a student first weighs an empty graduated cylinder, then pours 15 mL of the alcohol into the graduated cylinder and weighs the cylinder again. He records the amount of alcohol used as the difference in these two masses. What is wrong with this method
Answer:
Both have solutions in the graduated cylinder.
Explanation:
Recording the amount of alcohol used as the difference between two masses is the wrong method used for measuring tert-butyl alcohol for the experiment. For measuring tert-butyl alcohol for this experiment, the student has to measure the two masses when both the graduated cylinders has solution of tert-butyl alcohol not when one of it is empty (having no tert-butyl alcohol ).
The wrong aspect is that the liquid didn't need to be weighed. Instead the volume should have been recorded with the aid of the graduated cylinder.
What is a Graduated cylinder?This is a cylinder with marked readings and is used to measure the volume of liquids in the laboratory.
The graduated cylinder will accurately measure the amount of alcohol used due to it being volatile and the mass fluctuating during the measurement.
Read more about Graduated cylinder here https://brainly.com/question/24869562
In the graphic, 195 represents the _______.
195 Pt
78
A. Atomic Mass
B. Atomic Number
C. Neutron Number
Answer:
ITS ANSWER IS
OPTION B. ATOMIC NUMBER
HI HAVE A NICE DAY
A student dissolves 12.6g of amonium nitrate(NH4NO3) in 250.g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observed the temperature of the water fall from 23.0°C to 18°C over the course of 6.1 minutes.
NH4NO3 â NH4+ (aq) + NO3^-(aq)
a. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither?
b. If you said the reaction was exothermic or calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case.
c. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ÎHrxn per mole of NH4NO3.
Answer:
a. Endothermic.
b. [tex]Q_{rxn}=5493.6J[/tex]
c. [tex]\Delta H_{rxn}=35.0kJ/mol[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information for this calorimetry problem, it turns out possible for us to proceed as follows:
a. Due to the fact that the temperature of water goes from 23.0 °C to 18.0 °C, we infer this reaction is endothermic as the ammonium nitrate absorbed heat from the water.
b. Here, we consider the following heat equation:
[tex]Q_{rxn}=-Q_{water}[/tex]
Whereas we solve for the heat of reaction by means of the mass of the solution (both water and ammonium nitrate), the specific heat of the solution (we assume it is equal to that of water) and the temperature change:
[tex]Q_{rxn}=-m_{solution}C_{solution}(T_f-T_i)\\\\Q_{rxn}=-(12.6g+250.g)(4.184\frac{J}{g\°C} )(18.0\°C-23.0\°C)\\\\Q_{rxn}=5493.6J[/tex]
c. Here, we divide the previously calculated heat by the moles of ammonium nitrate (molar mass = 80.043 g/mol) to obtain the enthalpy of reaction per mole of this compound:
[tex]n_{NH_4NO_3}=12.6g*\frac{1mol}{80.043 g}=0.157mol\\\\\Delta H_{rxn}=\frac{5493.6J}{0.157mol} =34898.7J/mol\\\\\Delta H_{rxn}=35.0kJ/mol[/tex]
Regards!
if an element has an atomic number of 9 what is the electronic structure of the same element
9 is the element Florine
Florine has 9 electrons as well as the 9 protons that determine its atomic number.
The ground state configuration is the lowest energy configuration.
Nicotine is a toxic substance present in tobacco leaves. There are two lone pairs in the structure of nicotine. In general, localized lone pairs are much more reactive than delocalized lone pairs. With this information in mind, do you expect both lone pairs in nicotine to be reactive?
A. Both lone pairs are delocalized and, therefore, both are expected to have the same reactivity.
B.Lone pair in pyrrolidine ring is localized and, therefore, is expected to be more reactive.
C. Both lone pairs are localized and, therefore, both are expected to be reactive.
D. Lone pair in pyridine ring is localized and, therefore, is expected to be more reactive.
Answer:
B.Lone pair in pyrrolidine ring is localized and, therefore, is expected to be more reactive.
Explanation:
There are two nitrogen atoms bearing lone pairs of electrons in the structure of nicotine as shown in the image attached.
One nitrogen atom is found in the pyrrolidine ring. The lone pair on this nitrogen atom is localized hence it is more reactive than the lone pair of electrons found on the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring which is delocalized a shown in the image attached to this answer.
#19.
An unknown sample weighs 45.2 g and takes 58.2 kJ to vaporize. What is
its heat of vaporization?
The first step of electrophilic aromatic substitution involves the formation of the arenium ion intermediate.
a. True
b. Fasle
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds undergo substitution rather than addition reactions because the aromatic structure is maintained.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution begins with attack of the electrophile on the aromatic ring to yield a delocalized intermediate called the arenium intermediate. Loss of hydrogen from this intermediate yields the final product.
Two common methods to generate an aldehyde is by oxidation of an alcohol and through ozonolysis.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True.
Explanation:
Only primary and secondary alcohols can oxidise to give an aldehyde. But a weak oxidizing agent must be used to prevent formation of a carboxylic acid or ketone.
weak oxidizing agents: Chromyl chloride, silver/oxygen/500°C
take an example of ethanol:
[tex]{ \bf{CH _{3} CH_{2}OH \: \: \frac{Ag/O_{2} }{500 \degree C} > \: \:CH _{3} CHO}}[/tex]
[tex]{ \sf{CH _{3} CHO \: \: is \: ethanal}} [/tex]
By ozonolysis:
Here, reactants are Ozone gas, Carbon tetrachloride at a temperature (<20°C), ethanoic acid, zinc and water.
take an example of propanol:
if it undergoes ozonolysis, it gives ethanal and methanal.
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
Only primary and secondary alcohols can oxidise to give an aldehyde. But a weak oxidizing agent must be used to prevent formation of a carboxylic acid or ketone.
weak oxidizing agents: Chromyl chloride, silver/oxygen/500°C
take an example of ethanol:
By ozonolysis:
Here, reactants are Ozone gas, Carbon tetrachloride at a temperature (<20°C), ethanoic acid, zinc and water.
take an example of propanol:
if it undergoes ozonolysis, it gives ethanal and methanal.
