Why is the magnitude of the electron affinity for a given element smaller than the magnitude of the first ionization g

Answers

Answer 1
For a fixed nuclear charge, the total energy increases and the effective nuclear charge decreases as the num- ber of electrons increases because of electron-electron repulsion and decreased effective nuclear charge. Therefore, the magnitude of the electron affinity is less than that of the ionization energy.

Related Questions

How many hybrid orbitals form when three atomic orbitals of a central atom mix?.

Answers

Answer:

three _ _E _ _ _

Explanation:

2)
Molarity is defined as the
A)
moles of solute per liter of solution
B)
moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
volume of a solvent
C)
D)
mass of a solution

Answers

Answer:

A.moles of solute per liter of solution

Explanation:

the total number of moles of substances present; mass percentage, the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution times 100; parts per thousand (ppt), grams.

:-befrank

Which compound has the longest carbon-carbon bond length?.

Answers

Hokkaido University researchers have synthesized an organic compound with a longer bond between carbon atoms than ever before - exceeding the assumed limit for carbon-carbon single bond (C-C) lengths. The researchers termed it a "hyper covalent bond." The novel polycyclic hydrocarbon named 10c is stable, and an X-ray analysis showed that its C-C bond lengths was as long as 1.806 angstroms, longer than the previously reported world records for hydrocarbons.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what quantity is conserved?.

Answers

Answer:

energy

Explanation:

The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is conserved, it cannot be created nor destroyed.

How many joules are required to eat 5.25 g of titanium from 85.5 celsius to 132.5 celsius

Answers

The amount of energy required to eat 5.25 g of Titanium from 85.5 celsius to 132.5 celsius is 129 joules.

How do we calculate required heat?

Absorbed or released amount of heat will be calculated by using the below formula as:

Q = mcΔT, where

m = mass of titanium = 5.25g

c = specific heat of titanium = 0.523 J/gram degree celsius

ΔT = change in temperature = 132.5 - 85.5 = 47 degree celsius

On putting these values on the above equation we get,

Q = (5.25)(0.523)(47) = 129 joules

Hence required heat is 129 joules.

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This type of intermolecular force relates to the
big difference in the electronegativities. It exists
when N, O or F atom attracts with hydrogen
atom. Medium strength of attraction is
exhibited

Answers

Hydrogen bonds are a special type of dipole-dipole attraction that results when hydrogen is bonded to one of the three most electronegative elements: F, O, or N.

The type of intermolecular force relates to the big difference in the electronegativities and is known as hydrogen bonding.

What are intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular forces may be defined as the mechanism that mediates the interaction between the atoms of the molecules. It significantly includes the electromagnetic forces of attraction and repulsion between the atoms.

Some examples of intermolecular forces include London-dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction, van der Waals interaction, hydrogen bonds, etc. Each one of them possesses a different set of characteristic properties distinctly. Some types of forces are also present in the body of living organisms.

Hydrogen bonding is a characteristic kind of interaction that remarkably includes dipole-dipole attraction between the most electronegative elements like Nitrogen, Oxygen, fluorine, etc., and the hydrogen atom.

Therefore, hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force relates to the big difference in the electronegativities.

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Please help

AB+C<— A+CB
—>

Question 1: Imagine that the reaction starts with 100 molecules of reactants and zero molecules of products. Explain why the amount of reactants will never reach zero.

Question 2: imagine that the reaction starts with 0 molecules of reactants and 100 molecules of products. Will the amount of products increase or decrease as the reaction proceeds? Explain.

Answers

The rate of forward reaction equal to the rate of reverse reaction hence  the amount of reactants will never reach zero.

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction involves the combnation of two or more species to yiled products. We must know that a point is always reached in a reaction when the rate of forward reaction equal to the rate of reverse reaction hence  the amount of reactants will never reach zero.

Also, if the reaction starts with 0 molecules of reactants and 100 molecules of products, the amount of products will decrease overtime.

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An ion has a charge of +3 and has 51 electrons. How many protons does it have?

Answers

Answer:

54 protons

Explanation:

51 electrons 'balance' the charge of 51 protons....but there is three more PLUS charges ......means three more protons

51 + 3 = 54

A dock worker uses a pulley system to raise a boat onto a dock. the pulley system has a mechanical efficiency of 73 %. the boat has a weight of 950 n. the pulley system lifts the boat 5 m into the air. how many newton-metres of work does the dock worker have to exert to lift the boat?

Answers

The work (newton-metres) the dock worker have to exert to lift the boat to 5 m in air is 6506.85 Nm

What is work done?

This is simply defined as the product of force and distance moved in the direction of the force. Mathematically, it can be expressed as

Workdone (Wd) = force (F) × distance (d)

Wd = Fd

How to determine the output work done Force (F) = 950 NDistance (d) = 5 mOutput work =?

Output work = Fd

Output work = 950 × 5

Output work = 4750 Nm

How to determine the input work done Output work = 4750 NmEfficiency = 73%Input work =?

Efficiency = (output / input) × 100

73% = 4750 / input

0.73 = 4750 / input

Cross multiply

0.73 × input = 4750

Divide both side by 0.73

Input work = 4750 / 0.73

Input work = 6506.85 Nm

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What are the 10 most important chemical reactions?
Choose ALL correct answers
A.) Combustion of methane (hydrocarbons)
B.) Photosynthesis.
C.) Synthesis of sulfuric acid.
D.) Equilibrium of carbonic acid and carbon dioxide gas.
E.) Biological formation of calcium carbonate.
F.) Rusting of iron.
G.) Production of hydrogen from the action of acid on metal.
H.) Oxidation of alcohol.
I.) Decomposition.
J.) Redox.

Answers

Answer:

Combustion of methane (hydrocarbons)

Photosynthesis.

Synthesis of sulfuric acid.

Equilibrium of carbonic acid and carbon dioxide gas.

Biological formation of calcium carbonate.

Rusting of iron.

Production of hydrogen from the action of acid on metal.

Oxidation of alcohol.

Explanation:

how this helps if do mark brainllest pls!!! :)

How many moles of sulfur are in 53.7 grams of sulfur?

Answers

NO.OF.MOLES= MASS/ATOMIC MASS
THE ATOMICITY OF SULPHUR IS 8 AND ITS MASS NUMBER IS 32.
SO, THE ATOMIC MASS IS 256
NO.OF.MOLES= 53.7/256
= 537/2560
= 0.2097

Answer:

1.67 moles (find this by dividing 53.7 by the gram formula mass of sulfur, which is about 32.1)

At constant temperature, a sample of helium at 760. Torr in a closed container was compressed from 5. 00 l to 3. 00 l. What was the new pressure exerted by the helium on its container?.

Answers

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

760.5=P₂.3

P₂=1266.6 torr

Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 7.0 mL of 4.0 M solution to a volume of 30 mL.

Answers

Considering the definition of dilution, the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 7.0 mL of 4.0 M solution to a volume of 30 mL is 0.93 mL.

What is diluion

First of all, you have to know that when it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution.

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.

In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.

A dilution is mathematically expressed as:

Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf

where

Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volume

Molarity of the solution in this case

In this case, you know:

Ci= 4 M Vi= 7 mLCf= ?Vf= 30 mL

Replacing in the definition of dilution:

4 M× 7 mL= Cf× 30 mL

Solving:

(4 M× 7 mL)÷ 30 mL= Cf

Cf= 0.93 mL

In summary, the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 7.0 mL of 4.0 M solution to a volume of 30 mL is 0.93 mL.

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Can someone please help me? :(

Answers

Answer:

A. Each type of cell carries out a specific function for the organism.

Explanation:

[tex]hope[/tex] [tex]this[/tex] [tex]helps![/tex] [tex]:)[/tex]

During the degradation of many amino acids, the first step involves transfer of the amino group to which citric acid cycle intermediate?.

Answers

Ketoglutarate
if you looking for more answers involving this assignment you can search up on quizlet biochem practice questions unit 2

Molecules are chemically bonded atoms that work as a unit. Should the same kind of molecule be made up of the same kind of elements? Explain your answer

Answers

Answer:

Are molecules atoms that are chemically bonded together?

Image result for Molecules are chemically bonded atoms that work as a unit. Should the same kind of molecule be made up of the same kind of elements? Explain your answer

If this interaction is such that the total energy of the system is lowered, then the atoms bond together to form a molecule. Thus, from a structural point of view, a molecule consists of an aggregation of atoms held together by valence forces. Diatomic molecules contain two atoms that are chemically bonded.

Explanation:

REALLY HOPE THIS HELPS!

Given that the molar mass of naoh is 40.00 g/mol, what mass of naoh is needed to make 2.500 l of a 2.000 m naoh solution? use molarity equals startfraction moles of solute over liters of solution endfraction.. 0.1250 g 5.000 g 32.00 g 200.0 g

Answers

The mass of Sodium hydroxide which is needed to make 2.500 L of a 2.000 M NaOH solution is 200 grams.

How do we calculate mass from moles?

Mass of any substance will be calculated by using their moles as:

n = W/M, where

W = required mass

M = molar mass

Given that, molarity of NaOH = 2M

Volume of NaOH solution = 2.5L

Moles of NaOH will be calculated by using the below equation as:

M = n/V

n = (2)(2.5) = 5 moles

Now we calculate the mass of NaOH of 5 moles as:

W = (5mol)(40g/mol) = 200g

Hence option (4) is correct.

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Answer:

d

Explanation:

Question 4 of 25
How do scientists write very large numbers?
O A. They round off all numbers to a few digits after the decimal.
O B. They express the numbers using scientific notation.
O C. They divide all numbers by a constant to reduce the size.
O D. They simplify the numbers by deleting the exponents.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Vascular plants have an internal transport system to move water and nutrients throughout the plant. Which of these is used to transport water from the roots to the leaves?

Answers

ANSWER : The two primary vascular tissues are xylem, which transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, and phloem, which conducts food from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

name the follwing compound, KBr​

Answers

Answer:

Potassium bromide

Explanation:

Carbon 14 decays to Carbon 12 and has a half-life of 5730 years. If a fossil is analysed and it has 5 grams of Carbon 14 and 15 grams of Carbon 12, how old is the fossil?

Answers

Answer:

im sorry but this question doesnt make sense

Explanation:

What amount of alcohol consumed while boating is equivalent to the amount on land.

Answers

Answer:

yes it is

Explanation:

while boating or on the land it is the same amount of alcohol

Answer:

Any amount will be have the same effect on Blood Alcohol Content while boating OR on land .

Explanation:

According to the kinetic molecular theory, the molecules of an ideal gas is

Answers

Answer:

exert no attractive forces on each other, or on the walls of the container

Explanation:

The volume of a gas at 5.0 atm is 3.5 L. What is the volume of the gas at 7.0 atm at the same temperature?
025L
O5.0 L
O10. L
O 12L

Answers

Answer:

10 L

Explanation:

Boyle's Law

states that the pressure exerted by a gas (of a given mass, kept at a constant temperature) is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by itP ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{V}[/tex]P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Our values

P₁ = 5 atmV₁ = 3.5 LP₂ = 7 atm

Using the equation

5 x 3.5 = 7 x V₂V₂ = [tex]\frac{35}{3.5}[/tex]V₂ = 10 L

Answer:

0.25L

Explanation:

A mutation can be defined as a change in an organism's

transcription.

phenotype.

genotype.

proteins.

Answers

Answer:

Genotype

Explanation:

A mutation is the change is DNA, aka the genotype

Can someone help me explain three features that make Lake Baikal one of the most unique lakes in the world.

Answers

Explanation:

1,it's crystal clear water and unique wild life.

2,It is home to many unique species animals and plants.

3, It's sediment have not been scoured by overriding continental ice sheet

In the chemical formula h2o, which description explains what the 2 represents?.

Answers

H_2O is the chemical formula of compound water.

Here

2 denotes to no of hydrogen atoms as it's after H

In water

There are

2Hydrogen atoms1 Oxygen atoms A lone pair is present over Oxygen atom

What is the molar mass of a 3.228 g sample of a gas if it occupies 3.21 L at 298 K and 1.25 atm?

Answers

Taking into account the ideal gas law and the definition of molar mass, the molar mass of a 3.228 g sample of a gas if it occupies 3.21 L at 298 K and 1.25 atm is 19.66 [tex]\frac{g}{moles}[/tex].

What is ideal gas law

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.

The pressure, P, the temperature, T, and the volume, V, of an ideal gas, are related by a simple formula called the ideal gas law:

P×V = n×R×T

where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume that occupies, T is its temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and n is the number of moles of the gas. The universal constant of ideal gases R has the same value for all gaseous substances.

Definition of molar mass

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

Number of moles in this case

In this case, you know:

P= 1.25 atmV= 3.21 Ln= ?R= 0.082 [tex]\frac{atmL}{mol K}[/tex]T= 298 K

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

1.25 atm× 3.21 L = n× 0.082 [tex]\frac{atmL}{mol K}[/tex]× 298 K

Solving:

n= (1.25 atm× 3.21 L)÷ (0.082 [tex]\frac{atmL}{mol K}[/tex]× 298 K)

n= 0.1642 moles

So, the number of moles in this case are 0.1642 moles.

Molar mass of the sample

In this case, you know:

mass= 3.228 gnumber of moles= 0.1642 moles

Then, considering the definition of molar mass, it is calculated as:

[tex]molar mass=\frac{3.228 g}{0.1642 moles}[/tex]

Solving:

molar mass= 19.66[tex]\frac{g}{moles}[/tex]

Finally, the molar mass of a 3.228 g sample of a gas if it occupies 3.21 L at 298 K and 1.25 atm is 19.66 [tex]\frac{g}{moles}[/tex].

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PLEASE HELP!!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!! A rigid steel container with a volume of 30 L is filled with oxygen to a pressure of 9.00 atm at 28.0 °C. What is the pressure in the container if the temperature is raised to 129.0 °C?

Answers

Answer:

12 atm

Explanation:

First, let us convert Celcius into Kelvin: 28.0 °C = 301.15 K and 129.0 °C = 402.15 K

For this question we must employ the Combined Gas Law: [tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{P_2V_2}=\frac{n_1RT_1}{n_2RT_2}[/tex], where [tex]P_1[/tex] is the initial pressure and [tex]P_2[/tex] is the new pressure.

We know that intitially, P=9 atm, V=30 L, and T=301.15K. From our problem, only temperature and pressure changes, while the number of moles, volume and the gas constant, R, stay the same, so they are irrelevant.

Thus, the filled out Combined Gas Law would be:

[tex]\frac{9 atm}{P_2}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{301.15K}{402.15K}[/tex], where the volume, moles of gas, and R are cancelled out.

We can manipulate this equation to derive the new pressure. We find that

9atm≈0.74885[tex]P_2[/tex].  

This means that

[tex]P_2[/tex]≈9/0.74885≈12 atm

a gas that has a pressure of 7.5 atm and a volume of 20L what would be the new volume if the pressure was changed to 3.5 atm

Answers

Answer: 43 L

Explanation:

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