Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable layer which controls what enters and exits the cell.
Cell Wall: (are not present in animal cells) Is for structural support for the cell
Nucleus: Controls activities and regulates the cell, known as the control center of a cell
Nuclear Membrane/Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane layer that is mainly for separation of the contents present in the nucleus from the outside.
Ribosome: Forms protein from amino acids sent through the cell
ER: Protein synthesis and protein transport
Mitochondria: Powerhouses of cells, responsible for cellular respiration and producing energy in the form of ATP
Chloroplasts (not present in animal cells): Mainly for the process of photosynthesis
Golgi Apparatus: Lysosome support, transports proteins and lipids through vesicles
Vacuole : Balances pH (stores water for structural support as well)
Lysosomes: Breaks down waste, helps the cell's metabolism
This took a while, sorry for the wait, I really hope this helps!
Which shows one example of a physical change and one example of a chemical change?
Show Your Work
boiling water and melting wax
rusting iron and baking a cake
dissolving powder and shredding paper
freezing water and burning coal
An example of physical change is the freezing of water, while an example of chemical change is the burning of coal. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
What is Physical change?Physical change may be defined as a type of change that only involves alterations in the physical properties of the matter. Examples include the boiling of water, freezing of water, etc.
A Chemical change may be characterized as a type of change that only involves alterations in the chemical properties of the matter. Examples include burning coal, rusting iron, mixing acids and bases, etc.
In a physical change, there is no new substance is synthesized, while in a chemical change one or more new substances are formed.
Therefore, freezing water is an example of physical change, while burning coal is an example of chemical change. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
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At very high temperatures, most enzymes do not increase the rate of the reactions they regulate. What is the most likely reason for this lack of enzyme activity at very high temperatures?
a.The enzyme denatures and can no longer function properly.
b.The enzyme would have already broken down at a much lower temperature.
c.The products would have already been used up in the reaction by the time it reaches that high temperature.
d.The enzyme would have already sped up the rate of reaction as much as it could and would not be affected by the increase in temperature.
The enzyme would have already sped up the rate of reaction as much as it could and would not be affected by the increase in temperature. Hence, option D is correct.
what is the function of enzyme?
The majority of enzymes are proteins, some are Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules.
Enzyme or biocatalyst binds to a substrate form transient enzyme-substrate by declining activation energy to attain the transition site.
Enzymes can either determine in molar amounts or in terms of activity.
The measuring unit include one enzyme unit which refers to the amount of enzyme causing the transformation of 1μmole of substrate per minute at 25˚C under optimal conditions of measurement.
Secondly, the katal is a SI unit of enzyme activity which is the amount of enzyme used to catalyze conversion of 1 mole of substrate per second.
Hence, option D is correct.
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If something grows,exchanges has, and needs energy but isn’t made of cells and can’t reproduce A it’s dead B it’s living C it’s dormant D it’s non-living
Answer:
D. It is non-living
Explanation:
If something is not made of cells, it cannot be alive.
How is growth different from development?
Answer: Growth is the increase in size and development is a process in transformation.
Explanation:
A student observes that a type of eubacteria contains chlorophyll. Which of these does this type of bacteria have in common with plants?
A. it is photosynthetic
B. it contains vascular tissues
C. it contains mitochondria
D. it is heterotrophic
Answer:
A. it is photosynthetic
Explanation:
A. it is photosynthetic - this is true - chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigment that traps light energy to power food production. It present in green plants
B. it contains vascular tissues - this is false - eubacteria are single celled organisms that do not form tissues
C. it contains mitochondria - this is false - prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria
D. it is heterotrophic - this is false, plants and many bacteria are not heterotrophic, which means they consume other organisms for their food supply rather than creating their own (autotrophic)
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
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8. Cells carry out either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Which of the following describes a difference
between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
a Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen, while aerobic respiration does not
b. Anaerobic respiration requires less carbon dioxide than aerobic respiration
c. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration
d. Aerobic respiration is more commonly carried out by microorganisms
Answer:
C.) Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
Explanation:
Aerobic respiration is a cellular respiration reaction that requires the presence of oxygen. The electron transport chain in this reaction creates 32 ATP, making for a total of 36 ATP gained by aerobic respiration.
Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations within the CFTR gene. One mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to cystic fibrosis causes translation to end earlier in the gene sequence. Which type of mutation causes this translation error that leads to cystic fibrosis?
silent
missense
nonsense
deletion
Answer:
Deletion
Explanation:
I think it is the last one
Deletion
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A nonsense mutation is one mutation in the CFTR gene that leads to cystic fibrosis causes translation to end earlier in the gene sequence.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by different mutations within the CFTR gene.
The CFTR gene codes for the CFTR protein whose function is as an anion channel (chloride ion) which helps control the movement of water in and out of the membrane of cells that are specialized to produce mucus, sweat, saliva, tears and digestive enzymes
When CFTR protein is defective or absent, thick, sticky mucus accumulates in these cells, obstructing the airways and glands.
The most common mutation of the CFTR gene is a deletion whereby the codon for the amino avid phenylalanine is deleted resulting in the production of a defective CFTR protein.
Another form of mutation in the CFTR gene is a nonsense mutation in which a stop codon is inserted in the middle of the gene resulting in the production of a shortened CFTR protein, which is then degraded by the cell.
Therefore, a nonsense mutation in the CFTR gene leads to cystic fibrosis by causing translation to end earlier in the gene sequence.
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Bromothymol blue (BTB) is a chemical indicator for carbon dioxide (CO2). In the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2), BTB turns from blue to yellow. An aquatic plant was placed into two test tubes containing BTB, and the test tubes were closed with a stopper. Then, one test tube was placed in the dark, and the other test tube was placed in direct sunlight. The test tube in sunlight stayed blue indicating no CO2 was present, while the test tube in the dark changed to yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the test tube placed in the dark changed to yellow?
Answer:
Explanation:
Although no options was given, the explanation below should give detail explanation.
The Chemical reactants( internal factors) for the process of photosynthesis are C02 and H20, and enzymes. Other external factors are sunlight and chlorophyll.Therefore for a plant to undergo photosynthesis these reactants must be present in the presence of sunlight.
In the present scenario the plant in the test tube exposed to sunlight must used up the C02 with water and exposed sunlight to produce O2 -the by products and CHO,Protein and Lipids in plants.
Since the C02 has metabolised,no CO2 would be present in the test tube of the plant and the water, hence BTB is negative,blue- no C02.
However,the plants in the dark lacks the supply of sunlight therefore no photosynthesis could occur.Consequentially the C02 is not metabolized,and its concentration is high in the leaf in the test tube placed in the dark.This is indicated as yellow positive by the BTB which change from Blue to yellow.
timeline of genetics
Answer:
Explanation:
5000 BC
Demonstrating some understanding of inheritance, humans worldwide begin to selectively breed more useful varieties of livestock and crops, including wheat, maize, rice and dates
400 BC
Greek philosophers contemplate the mechanisms of human inheritance. Aristotle believes that traits acquired during life, such as injuries, can be passed to offspring. He also develops the theory of “pangenesis”, which attempts to explain how these traits are transmitted via particles called “gemules” to the reproductive cells
1859
Charles Darwin, himself a proponent of pangenesis, publishes On the Origin of Species – his explanation of evolution by natural selection. Darwin provides a plethora of evidence on how valuable traits become more common in a population, but does not provide any explanation for the mechanism of transmission of these traits
1866
Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel publishes his work on the patterns of inheritance in pea plants. His meticulous studies mark the birth of modern genetics. Mendel’s findings escape the notice of other researchers for over three decades
1882
Chromosomes are discovered by German biologist Walter Fleming, and named with the Greek prefix meaning “colour” because they become stained when cells are dyed
1902
Mendel’s research is rediscovered by botanists in 1900. US and German cell biologists then independently notice the link between Mendel’s “units of inheritance” and chromosomes. They conclude that hereditary information is contained within chromosomes
1905
The term “genetics” is created by British biologist William Bateson. The terms “gene” and “genotype” surface in 1909.
Sex chromosomes are discovered following work on butterflies and beetles
1910
US scientist Thomas Hunt Morgan is the first to discover a sex-linked trait, while studying the fruit fly Drosophila. The trait for eye colour, on the X chromosome, is also the first gene to be traced to a specific chromosome
1925
Studies show that X-rays can induce mutations in the genetic material
1944
A trio of US geneticists revisit work from the 1920s and prove that, in bacteria, DNA is the hereditary material, and not protein as was previously suspected
1951
Clear X-ray diffraction images of DNA are captured for the first time by British researcher Rosalind Franklin
1953
Building on Franklin’s work, biochemist James Watson and biophysicist Francis Crick at Cambridge University, UK, determine the now famous double-helix structure of DNA. They are awarded a Nobel prize in 1962 for their efforts.
1961
Crick and South African geneticist Sydney Brenner report that trios of DNA bases – called nucleotides – each hold the instructions for one of the 20 amino acids that combine to form proteins
1973
US researcher Herb Boyer uses enzymes to cut DNA and splice it into bacterial plasmids, which then replicate producing many copies of the inserted gene. This heralds the dawn of genetic engineering
1978
Genetically modified bacteria produce the hormone insulin
1983
The gene for an inherited disorder (Huntington’s disease) is mapped to a chromosome for the first time
1986
Kary Mullis in the US develops the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which allows researchers to produce many millions of copies of DNA molecules in just a few hours
1990
The international Human Genome Project begins, with the goal of sequencing the entire human genetic code
Gene therapy is used successfully for the first time, to treat a four-year-old girl with the rare hereditary immune disorder adenosine deaminase deficiency
1994
FlavrSavr tomatoes, genetically modified to have a long shelf-life is the first GM product to go on sale in the US. GM tomato puree goes in sale in the UK in 1996
1996
Baker’s yeast is the first (non-viral) genome to be completed, followed by the worm Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 and then the plant Arabidopsis and fruit fly Drosophila in 2000
2000
Completion of the draft human genome is jointly announced by US firm Celera Genomics and the Human Genome Project (an international public consortium). The full sequence – comprising 30,000 to 40,000 genes – is completed in 2003
2003
A tropical fish that fluoresces bright red becomes the first genetically modified pet to go on sale in the US
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In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into organ systems, and systems
to organisms. Select ALL of the organs from those listed
A).blood
B).brain
C.)eye
D.)leukocyte
E.)muscle
Among the listed components, the brain and the eye are the organs. Skeletal muscles are also classified as organs.
What are the levels of the organization?In anatomical studies of an individual, the classification of the hierarchy of the structures of the organism is useful for the estimation of the complexity level of the individual.
The chemical level of organization is the first level of organization where atoms are combined for the formation of molecules. Molecules are combined to form macromolecules.
Different types of macromolecules result in the cellular level of organization. The macromolecules that are the components of cells are called biomolecules.
Cells of the same kind are combined and work in the association as a tissue, for example, nerve cells form nerve tissue.
These tissues of similar functions combine to form organs. For example, multiple nerve tissues are combined to form the brain and the spinal cord.
The nerve cells, nerve tissues, spinal cord, and brain are studied together as an organ system called the nervous system. Several organ systems like this are grouped to form an individual.
Therefore, the brain and eye are examples of organs.
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Which of the following is NOT a role of plasma proteins?
To destroy infectious agents
To help transport insoluble molecules
To make the blood thicker
To help maintain the osmotic balance and pH of the blood
All of the above are roles of plasma proteins.
In which cell below would a student likely observe a cell plate during mitosis?
A: Rat muscle cell
B: onion root cell
C: human lung cell
D: alligator stomach cell
Answer:
B. Onion root cell
Inhibitory proteins are encoded by what
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
The DNA has to be transcribed, so it is changed to RNA to make proteins in translation.
Why do scientists use the International System of Units (SI)?
A. because the SI is based on the metric system
B. because the tools scientists use only measure in SI units
C. so they can communicate their results without confusion
D. so all scientists are guaranteed to come up with the same measurements
PLEASE HELP
An independent variable is the item that was changed in the experiment. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
Answer:
The independent (or manipulated)variable is something that the experimenter purposely changes or varies over the course of the investigation. The dependent (or responding) variable is the one that is observed and likely changes in response to the independent variable.
Explanation:
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Molecules cannot react chemically unless they are......
a) polar b)solvents c)active d)in solution
*PLEASE ANSWER WITH EXPLANATION.*
Answer:
c) active
Explanation:
When in an atom the outermost shell is not full (eg. 2,8,3 ; here in the last shell it is not filled completely and needs 5 more electrons to complete it ) then the atom becomes active and molecules doesn't react unless and until an atom is active .
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Isabel is very interested in learning about outer space. She often looks through her telescope at the details of different bodies of our Solar System. What is Isabel doing when she looks at objects using her telescope? A. Predicting B. Experimenting C. Making conclusions D. Making observations
Answer: Making Observations
Explanation:
She’s interested about learning about space, so when she looks through her telescope she’s observing. She wants to see how The bodies look, because she’s interested.
Answer:
D. Making observations
Explanation:
because she is looking/observing the sky
This means that prokaryotes are referent o as”_______cells”.
Answer:
Prokaryotes cells
Explanation:
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What is occurring in this picture?
transcription
translation
DNA replication
mutations
Which process makes four daughter cells that are different than the parents cell
Which process makes four daughter cells that are different than the parents cell? A. photosynthesis B. mitosis C. meiosis D. DNA Replication
Answer:
Meiosis. This is the result of crossing over, which takes place during prophase I of meiosis. In this process, the sister chromatids exchange genes which causes no resulting daughter cell to be identitical.
Explanation:
1) What atoms are found in proteins
Answer:
Here are some atoms that can be found in protein hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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Protein has been the organic molecule that are polymers of amino acids. Proteins are composed of five major atoms of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
What are proteins?Proteins are the macromolecules that are polymers of amino acids. The monomeric units (amino acids) of the protein molecule are linked by the polypeptide bonds. They are involved in the majority of the activities that are crucial for the body to function.
The amino acid, the monomer has been composed of the carboxylic and the amine group that includes the atoms of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen while the substitutional group may include the sulfur atoms. The carbon is the central atom attached to the other molecules.
Therefore, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and oxygen are the atoms of proteins.
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Problem that the laboratory
activity is designed to solve
Which of the following is NOT a limiting factor for coyotes?
A. The amount of competition for fresh water
B. The biodiversity if the population
C. The population of mice
D. The availability of safe places to rest
Answer:
D. Thr availability of safe places to rest
Explanation:
Thats like saying people could die because they don't have a place to sleep
B. The biodiversity of the population is not a limiting factor for coyotes.
What are coyotes?Coyotes are medium-sized mammals belonging to the Canidae family, which also includes wolves, foxes, and dogs. They are native to North America and can be found in a variety of habitats, including deserts, forests, and grasslands.
Coyotes are highly adaptable and opportunistic, making use of a wide range of food sources, from small mammals such as rabbits and rodents, to fruits, insects, and even carrion. They are known for their distinctive howl, which they use to communicate with each other over long distances. Despite their reputation as pests, coyotes play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, and they are considered a valuable species in many regions.
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succession is how a community changes over time.
O Climax
Ecological
Primary
Secondary
This biome is the most diverse.
A Taiga
B Arctic (Polar)
C Rainforest
D Desert
What happened to the cheetahs?
Answer:
Explanation:
The chief threats to the cheetah's existence are loss of habitat, poaching and hunting (their hide and trophies can command top dollar), and getting shot by livestock farmers. Decline of gazelles, wildebeests, impalas and other preferred prey species (also due to hunting and habitat loss) is a factor, too.
There are various subspecies of cheetah. So the cheetah's disappearance would have differing effects in each case. In general terms, however, the cheetah is a predator and hunter at the top of the food chain, so its disappearance would impact its prey and so on down the line.
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Explain why diversity is important for the survival of a species?
Answer:
The importance of genetic diversity. More specifically, genetic diversity can be a species natural defence system against disease and survival even under extreme weather conditions but more importantly, genetic diversity can help weed out unfavourable traits in species which maximises opportunities for thriving in any environment². hoped it helped.
Explanation:
Increased genetic diversity leads to increased chance of species survival. Species with a limited variety of phenotypes and where all members of the species are similar to one another have a smaller chance of coping with environmental variability compared to a species with greater diversity.
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What is enzymes Bc i dont know what that is
Answer:
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
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1. Which of these particles is the smallest? (SC.8.P.8.7) *
A. an atom
B. a nucleus
C. a proton
O D. an electron
Answer:
The smallest particle is the electron (option D).
Explanation:
The electron is a subatomic particle, which is part of an atom and has a negative electrical charge.
Electron is a small particle, if compared to protons -electrically positive particles- whose size is about 1800 times bigger. In fact, the electron is the smallest particle inside the atom.
According to this, the other options, atom, nucleus and proton are structures larger than an electron.
