The first communities in China existed along the
A.Huang He
B.Beijing River
C.Ganges River
D. Shanghai River

Match the Democratic Principle with the quote from the Declaration of Independence.

The Five Pillars (fasting, declaration of belief, pilgrimage, alms, and daily prayer) are the principle religious duties in ________.
A Christianity
B Hinduism
C Buddhism
D Islam

Lunar eclipses will occur when the Earth is between the sun and the

A.other planets

B.moon

C.new moon phase

The subject is Science!

A car has positive speed and average speed differ?

(A) The car is changing directions.
(B) The car is speeding up in the same direction as it is traveling.
(C) The car is slowing down and changing the direction it is traveling.
(D) The car is slowing down.


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By the year 1500, Europeans had mainly been staying in one part of the world – Europe- for almost a thousand years. However, at the end of the 15th century, European explorers began sailing to the far ends of the Earth, seeking out places they thought no one had ever been.
The Dangers of Exploration
Sailing out into uncharted waters was an incredibly dangerous thing to do. No Europeans really knew what was out there. Uneducated people still thought the world was flat and that sailing too far could mean falling off the end of the world. The explorers and sailors knew better, but they still were only guessing at where they were going. Sailing into unknown territory could lead to attack by enemy ships or pirates. The explorers also didn’t know how long their trips would take, so they were risking starvation and dying of thirst (drinking the ocean water would kill them). They also risked death by diseases such as scurvy, caused by lack of Vitamin C (known for its symptoms of bloody gums). All ocean ships were still made out of wood, and the high winds and ferocious waves of sea storms could crush their ships or flip them over and sink them. Since the explorers didn’t really know where they were going, they could easily get lost at sea. Finally, when the crew of a ship grew angry, they would sometimes have a mutiny – a rebellion against the captain, which would cause chaos on a ship.
Why would men want to make such dangerous trips?
Reasons for Exploration
One main motive was trade. Europe had long been interested in trading with Asia, so they could have access to the exotic spices that could keep food fresh and preserved. A problem arose when the Ottoman Turks conquered many lands between Europe and Asia. The Turks and Arabs had set up middlemen that Europeans would have to pay if they wanted Asian goods. Instead of paying these middlemen, some Europeans had the idea of finding new ways of getting to Asia over the oceans. They figured that if they sailed far enough west, they could reach China and India by wrapping around the globe. Besides seeking spices in Asia, the Europeans were also hoping to find precious metals, such as gold, in new lands.
Another motive was that the European countries were competing with each other for new territory. Each of them wanted to claim new lands in making their country bigger and more powerful. They wanted to spread the glory of their nation by taking over new lands. When one country takes over or controls another it is called imperialism. Along with these conquerors went missionaries – people sent to spread religious messages and convert others to their faith.
In short, the reasons for European exploration can be summarized by the 3 G’s:

God, Glory and Gold


1. In the chart below, list 3 risks that came with exploring the oceans. On the other side, explain three benefits, rewards, or motivations for exploring.
RISKS
BENEFITS (MOTIVATIONS)
a.




a.
b.




b.
c.




c.

2. What is imperialism?


3. What are missionaries and what did they want?



How was Exploration Made Possible?
New Technologies
Johann Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press made maps and geographic information much more available. Since gunpowder had been introduced to the Europeans by the Arabs in the 1200s, Europeans developed new weapons that could keep their ships safe from invaders. Spanish and Portuguese ships were the first to perfect very powerful canons that made their ships deadly to any other on the sea. Naval technology was also extremely important. Mapmakers, or cartographers, created better maps and charts of the seas. Also, European sailors learned to use the magnetic compass to find better directions at sea. Europeans also built bigger and better ships. The Portuguese used ships whose sails, masts, and rudders allowed explorers to sail across or against the wind.

Strong Monarchies
European countries were also becoming ruled by monarchies (governments led by a king or queen) that built up their armies and navies and wanted to use them. The kings and queens of Europe were increasing their power and resources, and they could focus beyond their borders. They were willing to pay for the expensive and risky trips explorers were willing to make at sea, hoping they could make their kingdoms richer.

4. What were 3 new technologies in the 1400s that would allow explorers to sail farther out to sea?

New Technology
Why was this important?
1)


2)


3)



5. What is a monarchy?


6. Why would strong monarchies in Europe lead to more sea exploring?

what did humans do to adapt after moving to new environments?

How are the Puritans and Pilgrims alike and different?

Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824:
What did the new government believe in?

What are some important characteristics of the Arabian Peninsula's physical geography?
​

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You show respect for another person by:
A.
Listening to the other person with an open mind
B.
Considering their point of view and feelings
C.
Maintaining your personal values
D.
All of the above

These statements describe Israel. Select all that apply.

Enclaves of Palestinians live in its borders.
Following World War II, the country has been peaceful.
Hebrew is the dominant language.
Islam is the main religion.
It was created as a homeland for the Jewish people.

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What countries sent the First Explorers?
Portugal
The Portuguese were the first successful explorers because of their guns and seamanship. With their large cannons, their fleet was able to defeat most ships and armies they came across. Beginning in 1520, Portuguese fleets probing south along the western coast of Africa. There, they discovered a new source of gold. For this reason, the southern coast of West Africa became known as the Gold Coast. The explorer Vasco da Gama sailed around the southern tip of Africa, called the Cape of Good Hope, and cut across the Indian Ocean to reach India. After people heard about de Gama’s profits, many more Portuguese sailed the same route to India, setting up posts in Africa along the way.
Spain
Educated Europeans knew the world was round, but they had no idea of how big it was. The Spanish thought that they could find new routes to India and China by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. Christopher Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to pay for his voyage sailing west to reach Asia. With his three ships, Columbus reached the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola (which would later become Dominican Republic and Haiti). As he traveled to most islands in the Caribbean, Columbus thought he had reached Asia. This false belief is why the Europeans called the people they found “Indians” they thought they were in India.
Another important explorer for Spain was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan succeeded in reaching Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic by going around the southern tip of South American and continuing west across the Pacific Ocean. Magellan reached the Philippines in Asia, where he was killed by local natives. However, one of his ships continued on to Spain, and Magellan is given credit as being the first to sail around the entire world.
The Spanish and Portuguese began competing for the territories they found in the “New World.” Eventually they would sign a treaty, agreeing which lands each country would be allowed to take over. The new lands were given the general name America, after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci. After the success of Spain and Portugal in exploring the Americas, the Dutch, the English, and the French began sending expeditions to find new places to trade in the Americas.
The European explorations would change life not only for Europeans, but also for the native peoples of South America, North America, and Africans as well.

7. In the chart below, list the two European nations that sent the first explorers, which explorers they sent, and what lands they explored.
EUROPEAN NATION
EXPLORERS
LANDS EXPLORED















8. What continent did Vasco da Gama sail around to get to India?


9. What islands did Christopher Columbus reach first?


10. Why did he call the people he met “Indians?”


11. Where did the name “America” come from?


12. What countries began sending ships to the Americas after Spain and Portugal?


13. Who would be affected by these expeditions besides Europeans?



DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
WOULD YOU HAVE BEEN AN EXPLOER IN THE 16TH CENTURY?
Document 1
The following account comes from a sailor aboard the voyage of Magellan, who sailed around the world
“We remained the final three months and twenty days without taking in provisions or other refreshments and ate only old biscuits that had been reduced to powder, full of grub sand stinking from the dirt that the rats had made on it. We drank water that was yellow and stinking. We also ate the ox hides from the main sails which we softened by soaking it in seawater for several days. On our return to Spain, however, the royal family, as well as the people, hailed us as the bravest and most daring sailors the world had ever known. Everyone came to know the voyages of Magellan.”
14. Explain some problems that Magellan’s expedition faced:


15. Explain one positive result of Magellan’s voyage:



WRAP-UP QUESTIONS
1. What were the reasons why Europeans explorers sailed to unknown parts of the world in the 16th century?



2. What were they hoping to find? Did they find it? Why or Why not?



3. Prediction: What do you think these voyages would mean for people in the Americas? Explain why you think this.

Now they not only provide drinking water for many areas of the state, but they also generate _____________________ power for many dams and cool the reactors at facilities that provide ______________ power.

Choose each statement which describes the geography of Mesopotamia.


rich soil
sufficient water
open, flat land
cold and barren
mountainous
fertile land
between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
rocky soil

1 { According to the diagram, what rock groups can form metamorphic rock?
2 { What is the process shown by number 1?

How did some people become slaves in West Africa?

What is an outcome variable? Give an example.

Overall, are these laws regarding family just?

The moon can appear red during a lunar eclipse because

A.The shadow from the sun appear red on the moon.

B.Earth's atmosphere absorbs certain colors while it bends others towards the moon.

C.The moon has a reddish surface that shines.

D.The color red reflects on the surface of the sun.

Why did the value of slaves as an export increase over time?

The excerpt above reflects the dissatisfaction of American colonists with the —

A. political debates that took place at the Albany Convention
B. interference of Great Britain in the slave trade
C. economic consequences of the Great Awakening
D. economic policies imposed by Great Britain following the French and Indian War

Describe the New Kingdom under Thutmose III and during its later decline. :)

The Virginia Slave Codes did NOT:
Make interracial marriage and relationships illegal.
Made slavery a system which a person is born into and forced for life.
End slavery.
Make it illegal for enslaved people to have weapons.

Which of the following statements best describes the availability of freshwater on Earth?
A.
People who live inland have more access to freshwater than people who live near the coast.
B.
People in the US have more access to freshwater than people who live in other countries.
C.
Freshwater resources are not evenly distributed across the Earth’s surface.
D.
All people on Earth have the same amount of freshwater available.

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Three R's" for responding to conflict?
A.
Reliable
B.
Responsibility
C.
Respect
D.
Rights

A page from the Borgia Codex of the Aztec view of the world. Deities sit in each of the four corners of the page.

What do the dots on the page above refer to?

Before 1913 and the passage of the 17th Amendment, Senators were elected by state legislatures. Who has the power to elect Senators today? A. voters B. Congress C. the president D. the Senate

PLEASE HELP

Scientists are looking for signs that Mars could have been habitable in the past. Think of the things that a planet needs to be habitable. With these things in mind, what signs of habitability would you look for on Mars?