The efficiency of the engine through the four steps cycle is 83.4%.
What is the efficiency of a machine?The efficiency of a machine is the ratio of useful work done by the machine and the work done on the machine expressed as a percentage.
The efficiency of the engine is given by:
[tex]ɛ=\frac {W} {Q}[/tex]
where;
W is the work done in the four steps,Q is the energy inputSince there at four steps in a cycle:
[tex]ɛ=\frac {W_1+ W_2+W_3+W_4} {Q_1+Q_2+Q_3+Q_4}[/tex]
The work done in the first step (isothermal expansion) is given by:
[tex]W_1=nRT_1\ln{\frac {V_2} { V_1}}[/tex]
where:
n= 1 mole, T1 = 402 K, V2 = 41.2 L, V1 = 18.5 L
Substituting the values:
[tex]W_1 = 1 × 8.314 × 402 \times ln{\frac {41.2} {18.5}} = 2676.01 J \\ [/tex]
Steps 2 and 4 are constant volume processes, therefore;
[tex]W_2=W_4=0[/tex]
The work done in the third step (isothermal expansion) is given by:
[tex]W_3=nRT_3\ln{\frac {V_4} { V_3}} [/tex]
where;
n = 1 mol, T3 = 273 K, V4 = 41.2 L, V3 = 18.5 L
Substituting the values:
[tex]W_3 = 1 × 8.314 × 273 \times ln{\frac {41.2} {18.5}} = 1817.29 J \\ [/tex]
[tex]W_3 = 1 × 8.314 × 273 \times ln{\frac {41.2} {18.5}} = 1817.29 J \\ [/tex]Heat enters the system only during steps (1) and (4).
The internal energy of the gas increases in step 4 but no work is done, while the internal energy is constant change in step 1 but work is done by the gas.
Thus;
[tex]Q_2=Q_3=0[/tex]
The heat that enters the system during the isothermal expansion is given by:
[tex]Q_1=W_1[/tex]
The heat that enters the system on step 4 at constant volume is given by:
[tex]Q_4=C_V(T_4-T_3)[/tex]
where:
Cv =21 J/K, T3 = 273 K, T4 = 402 K
Substituting the values:
[tex]Q_4= 21 × (402 - 273) = 2709 \: J[/tex]
Solving for efficiency, ɛ:
[tex]ɛ=\frac {2676.01+ 0+0+1817.29} {2676.01+0+0+2709} = 83.4\%[/tex]
Therefore, the efficiency of the engine is 83.4%.
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What do ethical guidelines for research with human subjects mean?
By minimizing harms and risks and maximize benefits , respect human dignity, privacy and autonomy, take special precautions with vulnerable population and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly
PLEASE SOMEONE HELP!! what is the answer? WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The answer should be A.
i apologize if it is incorrect-
I hope it helps! Have a great day!
Anygays-
An inductor produces a back emf in a dc series rl circuit when a switch connecting the battery to the circuit is closed. We can explain this by.
Hi there!
Let's say that a series RL circuit is constructed, with the switch left open.
When the switch is closed, a current will start flowing in the circuit. The INCREASING current will go through the loops of the inductor, producing an INCREASING magnetic field and consequentially a magnetic flux through the inductor. (Use hand rules).
However, the inductor does NOT want to experience this increasing magnetic flux, so an emf in the OPPOSITE direction of the current will be produced to counteract the increasing flux. (The flux would also be in the opposite direction).
This is expressed with the equation:
[tex]\epsilon = -L \frac{di}{dt}[/tex]
ε = Back emf (V)
L = Inductance (H)
i = Current (A)
t = time (s)
With the negative sign, we can see that if the current of the circuit is INCREASING, the emf produced would be in the opposite direction.
What do you mean by electromagnetic induction?
What do you mean by electromagnetic induction ?
Well Explained Answer : -Discovery : -
A British scientist Michael Faraday and an American scientist Joseph Henry discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction in 1831 independently.
Definition / Meaning : -
The production of electricity from magnetism is called electromagnetic induction.
Or ,
Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon of the production of an induced current in a coil placed in a region where the magnet field changes with time
For Example : -
(i) If a bar magnet is moved in and out of coil of wire , even then an electric current is produced. This is an example of electromagnetic induction.
(ii) Another example , when a straight wire is moved up and down rapidly between the two poles of a horseshoe magnet , then an electric current is produced in the wire. This is also an example of electromagnetic induction .
#[tex] \rm{ \bold{Keep \: Learning}}[/tex]Electromagnetic induction denotes to producing electricity using magnetic field or magnetism.
This is the process or phenomenon of production of induced induced current in a region where magnetism changes with respect to the time.
It was discovered by great scientist Michael Faraday.
Which planet, other than earth, has visible water ice on it?.
The mechanical energy of the diver is the same at every height. What is the mechanical energy of the diver
Please help me with the blanks
Answer:
wavelength and frequency
Explanation:
wavelength is the distance between waves while frequency is the number of times in which the wave occurs.
The ratio of force and mass is known as
A. Velocity B. Momentum C. Acceleration D. Displacement
Answer:
Acceleration
Explanation:
We know that Force = Mass * Acceleration according to the formula.
Divide both sides by “Mass” which leaves us with Force/Mass = Acceleration, in word, it’s ratio of force and mass equals acceleration.
Explain How can an endergonic reaction not be endothermic?
Answer:
Answer below in pic
I hope my answer helps you.
Answer:
I totally agree with what the person above me said.It is correct
What holds the moon in place, orbiting around earth?
Answer:
Gravity
Explanation:
What is Newton's Third law of motion? Explain how this roller coaster
demonstrates Newton's Third law of motion.
Answer:
Newton's third law of motion says, "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." So that applied to the student's roller coaster, between the marble and the track. When the marble went up and down the hill, it created different forces onto the track.
Explanation:
mark as brainiest
The velocity as a function of time of a moving particle is given by v = α+ βt2 , where α and β are constants and t is time in s. What is the acceleration of the particle at 3 s?
The acceleration of the particle at 3s is [tex]a = 6 \beta [/tex]
[tex]v = \alpha + \beta {t}^{2} [/tex]
How to calculate acceleration[tex]a = \frac{dv}{dt} \\ v = \alpha + \beta {t}^{2} \\ \frac{dv}{dt} = 0 + 2 \beta t \\ [/tex]
if Time is given as 3s
therefore, Acceleration is
[tex]a = 2 \beta t \\ a = 2 \beta 3 \\ a = 2 \times \beta \times 3 \\ a = 6 \beta [/tex]
Acceleration is
[tex]a = 6 \beta [/tex]
What is acceleration and velocity?This is the change in velocity with respect to time.
Velocity is a vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, or a speed with the directional component.
Read more about velocity:
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Please Help Physics!
1. Sound travels through a guitar string at 600 m/s, making a sound wave in the air with a speed of 333 m/s. In 1–2 sentences, explain how the wavelength and frequency of the wave in the string compare to the wavelength and frequency of the wave in the air.
The wavelength and frequency of the sound in the string is greater than the wavelength and frequency of the sound in the air.
Wavelength and freqeuncy of the soundThe wavelength and frequency of the sound is determined using the following formulas.
v = fλ
f = v/λ
λ = v/f
where;
f is the frequency of the soundλ is the wavelengthWavelength and frequency of the sound in the stringf = 600/λ
λ = 600/f
Wavelength and frequency of the sound in airf = 333/λ
λ = 333/f
Thus, the wavelength and frequency of the sound in the string is greater than the wavelength and frequency of the sound in the air.
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Can someone help me with this please :(
Answer:
it should be iii) Upthrust exerted on P is more than the upthrust exerted on Q
While on the surface of the earth a student has a weight of 450n if she is moved twice as far from the center of the earth then how does the new weight compare to her old?
Based on the fact that the student is moved twice as far from the center of the earth, her new weight will be 112.5 N.
What is her new weight?When the student was moved by the same distance from the center of the earth, her weight was halved.
When she was then moved twice as far, her weight was halved again.
This means that her new weight is:
= 450 x 1/2 x 1/2
= 450 x 1/4
= 112.5 N.
Find out more on weight at https://brainly.com/question/2537310.
A 1.2-kg mass is oscillating without friction on a spring whose spring constant is 3400 N/m. When the mass's displacement is 7.2 cm, what is its maximum acceleration
The maximum acceleration of the mass oscillating on the spring whose spring constant is 3400 N/m, is determined as 204 m/s².
Applied force on the springThe force applied on the spring to cause the mass to displace to the given distance is determined by applying Hooke's law;
F = kx
F = (3400 N/m) x (0.072 m)
F = 244.8 N
Maximum accelerationThe maximum acceleration of the mass is determined from Newton's second law of motion as shown below;
F = ma
a = F/m
a = 244.8 / 1.2
a = 204 m/s²
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elastic materials maintain their nature in all circumstance. true or flase
Answer:
False
Explanation:
If an elastic material is stretched with enough force it will go beyond its 'Elastic Limit' otherwise known as its 'Limit of Proportionality'.
When this happens permentant deformation wiil occur.
Think of a spring... if it is stretched with enough force it won't return back to its original shape. Therefore it has NOT maintained its nature.
The worker in the picture is
a.) letting the pulley do all the work
b.) not doing work because he is using a pulley
c.) doing work because he is moving the bale of cotton
d.) transforming mechanical energy to potential energy
Answer:
the worker is doing work because he is moving the bale of cotton
A laser emits a narrow beam of light. The radius of the beam is 1.5 mm, and the power is 1.9 mW. What is the intensity of the laser beam?
Answer: 268.80 W/m^2
Explanation:
Intensity = Power/Area
first convert radius to meters
1.5mm= 1.5x10^-3m
area= pi (1.5x10^-3)^2
= 7.069m^2
convert power to W
1.9mW= 1.9x10^-3W
plug into intensity formula
(1.9x10^-3)/(7.069) = 268.80 W/m^2
Matter can undergo chemical reactions and nuclear reactions. Which
property is conserved in chemical reactions but NOT in nuclear reactions?
O A. Type of energy
O B. Kinds of compounds
O c. Number of atoms
O D. State of matter
State of matter is conserved in chemical reactions but not in nuclear reactions.
What is not conserved in a nuclear reaction?
In a nuclear reaction, mass is not conserved because of the release of radiation. The difference in masses of reactants and product nuclei, occurs due to release of energy.
So we can conclude that State of matter is conserved in chemical reactions but not in nuclear reactions.
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#SPJ1
Nuclear and chemical processes are both possible in the matter. In chemical processes, the property of no atoms is conserved, but not in nuclear reactions. Option C is correct.
What is nuclear fusion?The process by which two or more tiny nuclei unite to generate a bigger nucleus is known as a nuclear fusion reaction.
The more energy it takes to liberate an electron from a smaller atom. This is referred to as binding energy.
In the nuclear reaction, one atom gets disassociated with the other atom. The process is known as nuclear fission.
Nuclear and chemical processes are both possible in the matter. In chemical processes, the property of no atoms is conserved, but not in nuclear reactions.
Hence, option C is correct.
To learn more about nuclear fusion refer to the link;
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1. Dylan claims that the vase would achieve a higher height if it were launched at a 45-degree angle. Is
Dylan correct?
A. Dylan is correct because a 45-degree launch angle results in the largest vertical range.
B. Dylan is correct because larger launch angles result in a smaller vertical range.
C. Dylan is incorrect because a 90-degree and 45-degree larr
tin the same vertical
range.
D. Dylan is incorrect because a 90-degree launch angle resuh
vertical range
What was the first car fitted with an alternator, rather than a direct current dynamo?.
Answer:
The first vehicles fitted with an alternator was vehicles during WWll.
Chrysler Corporation fitted an alternator on the Valiant 1960 as standard equipment
Explanation:
Answer:
The first car fitted with an alternator, rather than a direct current dynamo was the 1960 Plymouth Valiant.
How much required force is required to move a 100kg box to get it moving? Static friction is 0.5, kinetic friction is 0.3 and gravity is 9.5m/s^2
Answer:
47.5 N
Explanation:
Given
mass, m = 100 kgcoefficient of static friction, μ(s) = 0.5coefficient of kinetic friction, μ(k) = 0.3gravity due to acceleration, g = 9.5 m/s²Solving
It asks the required force to get it moving ⇒ static frictionForce required to move = μ(s) x m x gF = 0.5 x 100 x 9.5F = 95 x 0.5 = 47.5 NFluorescence occurs when an object absorbs ____________________ and immediately releases the energy as visible light.
Answer:
The answer should be light or other electromagnetic radiation
Explanation:
Such as x-rays or other things like that.
-Hope This Helps!
-Justin:)
Most meteors burn up in the
Answer:
the Mesosphere
Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere. Unlike the stratosphere, temperatures once again grow colder as you rise up through the mesosphere.
Explanation:
Have a nice day
Answer:
The Mesosphere
Explanation:
It is the coldest layer.
The density of water is 1.0 gram per milliliter at 4 degrees Celsius.
Shelby drops a spoonful of sugar into water at this temperature and it
sinks to the bottom of the container. Compare the densities of the sugar
and water and explain how this affects the position of the sugar in the
liquid water.
Sugar molecules present at the bottom of solution due to more mass.
Which is more denser water or sugar?Table sugar is more dense than water due to the presence of more mass of sugar molecule as compared to water. We know that denser objects has more mass so that's why sugar molecules present at the bottom of solution due to more mass.
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The emf of a battery is E = 20 V . When the
battery delivers a current of 0.2 A to a load,
the potential difference between the terminals
of the battery is 18 V volts.
Find the internal resistance of the battery.
Answer in units of Ω.
Answer:
10 ohms
Explanation:
V = IR
2 v is the drop in the battery
2 = .2 R
R = 10 ohms
1) anything that has mass and takes up space is called
A. Tissues
B. Mass
C. Matter
D. Atomic number
E. Weight
2) mechanical energy is
A. Found in machinery only
B. Usually measured at the atomic level
C. The sum of the chemical and thermal energy of an object
D. The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object
( please answer it guys i really bad at my physics TnT))
[tex]\qquad \qquad \huge \pink {\sf{☁Answer☁}} \\ \\ [/tex]
Anything that has mass and takes up space is :-[tex]\pink{\boxed{\sf{↪Option.c↩}}}[/tex]
→Matter✓
mechanical energy is[tex]\pink{\boxed{\sf{↪Option.d↩}}}[/tex]
→The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of an object✓
___________________☃️[tex]\sf{\:мѕнαcкεя\: ♪...}[/tex]
Adaptations are unique traits developed by organisms to help them survive, thrive, and reproduce in their particular environment. Adaptations may be structural or behavioral. Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
A) shallow roots of cacti
B) long neck of a giraffe
C) migration of birds
D) webbed feet of ducks
Answer:
its c - the migration of birds
Explanation:
i did it on study island
Copper (II) chloride reacts with magnesium nitride
Answer:
I don't know
Explanation:
because I'm not smart
