Answer:
$225
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what amount of deferred tax liability should Nolan Company show on its December 31, 2021 balance sheet:
Deferred tax liability =[ ($450/ 3) *50%]+ [($450 / 3 * 2) * 50%]
Deferred tax liability=$75+$150
Deferred tax liability = $225
Therefore the amount of deferred tax liability should Nolan Company show on its December 31, 2021 balance sheet is $225
If a company provides an online service that delivers physical products and services but does not exist as a brick-and-mortar store, it is considered which type of brand
Answer: a. an e-brand brand
Explanation:
An e-brand is one that provides just an online service for merchandise sales. These companies do not have physical locations but rather show you all that they sell on their websites and then when you purchase something, they deliver it as a physical good. The most popular example of such is Amazon.
The advantage of such brands is that they get to save on the rental and other property costs related to establishing brick-and-mortar stores because they are online.
A particular forecasting model was used to forecast a six-month period. Here are the forecasts and actual demands that resulted: FORECAST ACTUAL April 244 344 May 318 468 June 393 493 July 343 293 August 368 268 September 443 568 a. Find the tracking signal for each month.
Answer:
MONTH TRACKING SIGNAL
April 1
May 2
June 3
July 3
August 2
September 3
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
A B C D E F G
Month Forecast Actual Error |Error| RSFE MAD
cumulative
C-D |C-D| of D
April 244 344 100 100 100 100.00
May 318 468 150 150 250 125.00
June 393 493 100 100 350 116.67
July 343 293 -50 50 300 100.00
August 368 268 -100 100 200 100.00
September 443 568 125 125 325 104.17
the tracking signal for each month will be;
Tracking Signal =
Running Sum of Forecast Errors (RSFE) / Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
so substitute
Month of APRIL;
Tracking signal = 100 / 100.00 = 1
Month of MAY;
Tracking signal = 250 / 125.00 = 2
Month of JUNE;
Tracking signal = 350 / 116.67 = 2.9999 ≈ 3
Month of JULY;
Tracking signal = 300 / 100.00 = 3
Month of AUGUST;
Tracking signal = 200 / 100 = 2
Month of SEPTEMBER;
Tracking signal = 325 / 104.17 = 3.11 ≈ 3
Therefore,
MONTH TRACKING SIGNAL
April 1
May 2
June 3
July 3
August 2
September 3
Calculating the Direct Materials Price Variance and the Direct Materials Usage Variance Guillermo's Oil and Lube Company is a service company that offers oil changes and lubrication for automobiles and light trucks. On average, Guillermo has found that a typical oil change takes 24 minutes and 6.2 quarts of oil are used. In June, Guillermo's Oil and Lube had 980 oil changes. Guillermo's Oil and Lube Company provided the following information for the production of oil changes during the month of June:
Actual number of oil changes performed: 980
Actual number of quarts of oil used: 6,020 quarts
Actual price paid per quart of oil: $5.10
Standard price per quart of oil: $5.05
Required:
a. Calculate the direct materials price variance (MPV) and the direct materials usage variance (MUV) for June using the formula approach.
b. Calculate the total direct materials variance for oil for June.
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
To calculate the direct material price variance, we need to use the following formula:
Direct material price variance= (standard price - actual price)*actual quantity
Direct material price variance= (5.05 - 5.1)*6,020
Direct material price variance= $301 unfavorable
To calculate the direct material quantity variance, we need to use the following formula:
Direct material quantity variance= (standard quantity - actual quantity)*standard price
Direct material quantity variance= (6,076 - 6,020)*5.05
Direct material quantity variance= $282.8 favorable
Standard quantity= 980*6.2= 6,076
Finally, the total direct material variance:
Total direct material variance= Direct material quantity variance - Direct material price variance
Total direct material variance= 282.8 - 301
Total direct material variance= $18.2 unfavorable
Rhiannon Corporation has bonds on the market with 17.5 years to maturity, a YTM of 6.4 percent, a par value of $1,000, and a current price of $1,037. The bonds make semiannual payments. What must the coupon rate be on these bonds
Answer:
6.75%
Explanation:
The calculation of the coupon rate is given below:
Given that
PV = $1,037
FV = $1,000
YTM = 6.4% ÷ 2 = 3.2%
NPER = 17.5 × 2 = 35
The formula should be
=PMT(RATE,NPER,-PV,FV,TYPE)
After applying the above formula, the pmt should be $33.77
Annual pmt is
= $33.77 × 2
= $67.55
Now the coupon rate is
= 67.55 ÷$1,000
= 6.75%
The assumptions of the production order quantity model are met in a situation where annual demand is 3650 units, setup cost is $100, holding cost is $24 per unit per year, the daily demand rate is 20 and the daily production rate is 100. What is the production order quantity for this problem
Answer:
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the production order quantity for this problem
Sqrt [ (2*3650*100)/ (24*(1-20/100)) ] = 500
Sqrt [ (2*50000*20)/ (10*(1-20/100)) ] = 500
=√200,000/(10*0.8)
=200,000/8
=250000
The purpose of rough cut capacity planning is to: Select one: a. place a time fence around the MPS. b. determine a production schedule that offers a rough order of magnitude. c. cut excess capacity from the MPS. d. assess the feasibility of the MPS. e. govern the length of the execution cycle.
Answer:
The answer is "Option d".
Explanation:
To compute the estimated work on master capacity planning, the objective of basic resource allocation is utilized. It is then contrasted to a proven ability that enhances organizational MPS feasibility.
It verifies that you have enough ability at your disposal that satisfy the needs of your master's programs. It is a tool in long-term production scheduling for marketing and production to accomplish the ratio of the capacity required and accessible and to manage changes in the plan and/or looking.
Which part of a persuasive message should catch your audience's interest and lure them into your
topic?
O Concluding device
O Attention statement
O Epilogue
O Supporting material
Answer:
Attention Statement
Explanation:
The name is self explanitiry
Joss is a marketing consultant. Iris and Daphne are potential customers interested in commissioning Joss to undertake a market survey and compile the findings in a report. Iris is willing to pay $500 for the service while Daphne is willing to pay $800. Suppose that the opportunity cost of Joss's time is $1,200. Assume that Iris and Daphne do not know each other. Which of the following statements is true?
a. only Iris will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job for her.
b. only Daphne will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job for her.
c. both Iris and Daphne will purchase Joss's services and Joss will undertake the job.
d. both Iris and Daphne will want to purchase Joss's services but Joss will not be willing to undertake the job.
Answer: d. both Iris and Daphne will want to purchase Joss's services but Joss will not be willing to undertake the job.
Explanation:
Iris will want Joss's services but they will be unable to afford them as Iris is only willing to pay $500 whereas Joss wants $1,200 for the job.
The same goes for Daphne who is only willing to pay $800.
Both of them will therefore want to hire Joss but will be unable to.
Joss could however charge both of them their willingness to pay and then sum the cash up and give them both the research whilst still making a profit.
A bank buys bonds with a par value of $25 million for $24,040,000. The coupon rate is 10 percent, and the bonds pay annual payments. The bonds mature in four years. The bank wants to sell them in two years, and estimates the required rate of return in two years will be 8 percent. What will the market value of the bonds be in two years?
Answer:
$25,891,632.37
Explanation:
The computation of the market value of the bond in two years is given below:
We know that
Market value of the bonds be in two years is
= pv(rate, nper,pmt,fv)
Here
Nper = 2
PV = ?
PMT = 25000000 × 10% = 2500000
FV = 25000000
Rate = 8%
Now
Market value of the bonds be in two years is
= pv( 8%,2,2500000,25000000)
= $25,891,632.37
Lopez Company has a single employee, who earns a salary of $60,000 per year. That employee is paid on the 15th and last day of each month. On January 15, based, in part, on the information set forth in the accounting records, the following must be withheld from the employee's pay: FICA—Social Security Taxes (at 6.2%), FICA—Medicare Taxes (at 1.45%), Employee Federal Income Taxes (in the amount of $400), Employee State Income Taxes (in the amount of $25), and Employee Medical Insurance (in the amount of $100). (The employee‘s paycheck has not yet been prepared.) Entries to prepare the January 15 journal entry for Lopez would include:
Answer:
Debit Salaries Expense $2,500
Credit FICA—Social Security Taxes Payable $155
Credit FICA—Medicare Taxes Payable $36.25
Cedit Employee Federal Income Taxes Payable $400,
Credit Employee State Income Taxes Payable $25
Credit Employee Medical Insurance Payable r $100
Credit Salaries Payable $1,783.75
Explanation:
Preparation of the January 15 journal entry for Lopez
January 15
Debit Salaries Expense $2,500
Credit FICA—Social Security Taxes Payable $155
(6.2%*$2,500)
Credit FICA—Medicare Taxes Payable $36.25
(1.45%*$2,500)
Cedit Employee Federal Income Taxes Payable $400,
Credit Employee State Income Taxes Payable $25
Credit Employee Medical Insurance Payable r $100
Credit Salaries Payable $1,783.75
($2,500-$155-$36.25-$25-$100)
The Fisher Effect equation can be used to determine the real interest rate. Use this equation to determine the answer to the question. If the nominal interest rate is 0.1100.110 , and the inflation rate is 0.0250.025 , what is the real interest rate
Answer:
0.075%
Explanation:
Interest rate is the rate earned on deposits or the rate charged on loans.
Interest rate could be real or nominal
Nominal interest rate is real interest rate plus inflation rate
Real interest rate is interest rate that has been adjusted for inflation
Fisher effect equation : ( 1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + real interest rate) x (1 + inflation rate)
(1 + 0.001) = (1 + real interest rate) x (1 + 0.00025)
1.001 = (1 + real interest rate) x (1.00025)
1.001 / (1.00025) = (1 + real interest rate)
1.00075 = (1 + real interest rate)
real interest rate = 1.00075 - 1
= 0.00075 = 0.075%
Sanford Co. sells $500,000 of 10% bonds on March 1, 2020. The bonds pay interest on September 1 and March 1. The due date of the bonds is September 1, 2023. The bonds yield 12%. Give entries through December 31, 2021.
Required:
Prepare a bond amortization schedule using the effective-interest method for discount and premium amortization. Amortize premium or discount on interest dates and at year-end.
Answer:
Sanford Co.
Bond Amortization Schedule
Period PV PMT Interest FV
1 $468,951.03 $25,000.00 $28,137.06 $472,088.09
2 $472,088.09 $25,000.00 $28,325.29 $475,413.38
Year #1 end
3 $475,413.38 $25,000.00 $28,524.80 $478,938.18
4 $478,938.18 $25,000.00 $28,736.29 $482,674.47
Year #2 end
5 $482,674.47 $25,000.00 $28,960.47 $486,634.94
6 $486,634.94 $25,000.00 $29,198.10 $490,833.04
Year #3 end
7 $490,833.04 $25,000.00 $29,449.98 $495,283.02
8 $495,283.02 $25,000.00 $29,716.98 $500,000.00
Year #4 end
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Face value of bonds = $500,000
Proceeds from bonds = $468,951
Bonds Discounts = $31.049
Coupon interest rate = 10%
Effective interest rate = 12%
N (# of periods) 8
I/Y (Interest per year) 12
PMT (Periodic Payment) 25000
FV (Future Value) 500000
Results
PV = $-468,951.03
Sum of all periodic payments $200,000.00
Total Interest $231,048.97
Two investment centers at Marshman Corporation have the following current-year income and asset data:
Investment Center A Investment Center B
Investment center income$525,000 $635,000
Investment center average invested assets$4,600,000 $3,050,000
The return on investment (ROI) for Investment Center A is:________.
Answer: 11.41%
Explanation:
Return on assets refers to the amount of income earned per capital invested. It is calculated by the formula:
= Net income / Average assets invested
ROI for Center A will therefore be:
= 525,000 / 4,600,000
= 0.1141
= 11.41%
A consumer's weekly income is $250, and the consumer buys 12 bars of chocolate per week. When weekly income increases to $280, the consumer buys 13 bars per week. The income elasticity of demand for chocolate by this consumer is about
Answer:
0.69
Explanation:
Given that we have the formula for calculating income elasticity of demand as the percent change in quantity demanded divided by the percent change in income, hence, we have the percent change in quantity demanded => 13 - 12 = 1 ÷ 12 = 0.083
the percent change in income => 280 - 250 = 30 ÷ 250 = 0.12
Therefore we have => 0.083 ÷ 0.12 = 0.69
Hence, the final answer is 0.69
Sandhill Diesel owns the Fredonia Barber Shop. He employs 7 barbers and pays each a base rate of $1,650 per month. One of the barbers serves as the manager and receives an extra $500 per month. In addition to the base rate, each barber also receives a commission of $5.50 per haircut. Other costs are as follows.
Advertising $260 per month
Rent $800 per month
Barber supplies $0.30 per haircut
Utilities $185 per month plus $0.20 per haircut
Magazines $20 per month
Determine the variable costs per haircut and the total monthly fixed costs. (Round variable costs to 2 decimal places, e.g. 2.25.)
Total variable cost per haircut $
Total fixed $
Answer:
the variable costs per haircut and the total monthly fixed costs is $6 per haircut and $13,315 respectively
Explanation:
The computation is given below:
The variable cost per haircut should be
= $5.50 + $0.20 + $0.30
= $6 per haircut
And, the fixed cost should be
= 7 × $1,650 + $500 + $260 + $800 + $185 + $20
= $13,315
So, the variable costs per haircut and the total monthly fixed costs is $6 per haircut and $13,315 respectively
Total direct operating margin less indirect expenses equals
Answer:
Total operating income.
Explanation:
Costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.
In Financial accounting, a direct cost can be defined as any expense which can easily be connected to a specific cost object such as a department, project or product. Some examples of direct costs are cost of raw materials, machineries or equipments.
On the other hand, any cost associated with the running, operations and maintenance of a company refers to indirect costs. Some examples of indirect costs are utility bill, office accessories, diesel etc.
In Financial accounting, the total operating income can be defined as the sum total of the profit of a business firm (company) after its regular, recurring costs and expenses have been deducted. Thus, it's the amount of revenue generated by a business firm (company) after subtracting all operating expenses and cost of goods sold (COGS).
Mathematically, the total operating income of a business is calculated by subtracting the indirect expenses incurred by the business firm from its total direct operating margin.
This ultimately implies that, total direct operating margin less indirect expenses equals total operating income.
The issuance of equity for a firm with various financing alternatives signals that the firm has unfavorable prospects which it wants to share with new shareholders according to the signaling theory of capital structure.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
Option b) False
Explanation:
Capital structure
This is usually defined as a composition or the combination of debt and equity that are used to finance a firm.
Signaling theory
According to this theory, It states that actions are taken by a firm to send "signals" to shareholders. It states that firms that uses issue debt to raise funds are signaling or projecting that their future prospects are favorable.
In this theory, managers do have information about their firm's prospects than do outside investors. It is also referred to as an action taken by a firm's management that gives possible clues to investors about how management looks at the firm's capital prospects. It centers on the ability to borrow money at a reasonable cost when good investment opportunities comes their way.
Unlike a stock dividend, a stock split _____. multiple choice is always recorded at market value does not change total stockholders' equity reduces the par value of the stock increases the total number of shares outstanding
Answer:
reduces the par value of the stock.
Explanation:
A stock is also referred to as equity and it can be defined as a security that represents a stockholder's ownership of a fraction of a corporation.
The par value of a stock is its face value and it comprises of its total dollar amount as well as its maturity value. Also, the par value of a stock gives the basis on which periodic interest is paid.
A stock is issued at par value when the market rate of interest is the same as the contract rate of interest. This simply means that, a stock would be issued at par (face) value when the stock's stated rated is significantly equal to the effective or market interest rate on the specific date it was issued.
Stockholders' equity can be defined as the amount of assets remaining or the residual interest of assets in a business after all liabilities are settled or deducted. A stockholders' equity is calculated by deducting or subtracting the value of liabilities from the value of assets on the balance sheet of a company.
Additionally, statement of changes in stockholders' equity is a financial statement that illustrate a summary of the changes in shareholders' equity (gains and losses that increase or decrease stockholders' equity respectively) over the reporting period.
In Trading and securities, a stock split reduces the par value of the stock whereas a stock dividend increases the par value of a stock.
The following data are accumulated by Zadok Company in evaluating the purchase of $370,000 of equipment, having a four-year useful life: Net Income Net Cash Flow Year 1 $67,500 $160,000 Year 2 47,500 140,000 Year 3 (12,500) 80,000 Year 4 (12,500) 80,000 a. Assuming that the desired rate of return is 12%, determine the net present value for the proposal. b. Would management be likely to look with favor on the proposal? Explain.
Answer: Management will not look at this investment in equipment favorably, as the net present value of the project is negative, which will decrease shareholder's wealth.
Explanation:
0 1 2 3 4
Net Cashflows -370,000 160000 140000 80000 80000
Discount factor 12% 1 0.893 0.797 0.712 0.636
PV of cashflows -370000 142857 111607 56942 50841
NPV -7752
International Data Systems' information on revenue and costs is relevant only up to a sales volume of 121,000 units. After 121,000 units, the market becomes saturated and the price per unit falls from $10.00 to $6.80. Also, there are cost overruns at a production volume of over 121,000 units, and variable cost per unit goes up from $5.00 to $5.25. Fixed costs remain the same at $71,000.
Required:
a. Compute operating income at 121,000 units.
b. Compute operating income at 221,000 units.
Answer:
a. $534,000
b. $271,550
Explanation:
a. Compute operating income at 121,000 units
Using this formula
Operating Income = (Price per unit - Variable cost per unit)*Units - Fixed costs
Let plug in the formula
Operating Income = ($10.00 - $5.00)*121,000 - $71,000
Operating Income = ($5.00)*121,000 - $71,000
Operating Income =$605,000-$71,000
Operating Income = $534,000
Therefore operating income at 121,000 units is $534,000
b. Compute operating income at 221,000 units
Using this formula
Operating Income = (Price per unit - Variable cost per unit)*Units - Fixed costs
Let plug in the formula
Operating Income = ($6.80 - $5.25)*221,000 - $71,000
Operating Income = $1.55*221,000-$71,000
Operating Income = $342,550-$71,000
Operating Income = $271,550
Therefore operating income at 121,000 units at 221,000 units is $271,550
A TV manufacturer offers warranties on its new TV sales. During December 2004, TV sales totaled $205,000. Past experience shows that warranty expense averages about 3% of the annual sales. What adjusting journal entry should be recorded on December 31, 2004 to account for the warranty expense
Answer:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
Dec 31, 2004 Warranty expense $6,150
Warranty Liability $6,150
Explanation:
First calculate the warranty expense:
= TV sales total * Warranty expense averages
= 205,000 * 3%
= $6,150
This will be credited to the Warranty liability account to reflect that the company potentially owes $6,150 in warranty expenses to people who purchased TVs.
Assume that a firm had shareholders' equity on the balance sheet at a book value of $1,500 at the end of 2010.During 2011 the firm earns net income of $1,900,pays dividends to shareholders of $200,and issues new stock to raise $500 of capital.The book value of shareholders equity at the end of 2011 is:_______.
A) $2,750
B) $250
C) $1,450
D) $3,700
Answer:
The book value of shareholders equity at the end of 2011 is:_______.
D) $3,700.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Beginning shareholders equity book value = $1,500
Net income during 2011 = 1,900
Dividends paid to shareholders (200)
Issuance of new stock 500
Ending shareholders equity book value = $3,700
b) The book value of equity at the end of 2011 is equal to the book value at the beginning of 2011 plus net income generated during 2011, issuance of new stock, minus dividends paid to shareholders.
Using the retail inventory method, if the cost to retail ratio is 70% and ending inventory at retail is $145,000, then estimated ending inventory at cost is $207,143.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
b. False
Explanation:
The calculation of the estimated ending inventory is given below:
When the cost to retail ratio is 70%,
and
The ending inventory at retail is $145,000,
So, the ending inventory at cost is
= 70% of $145,000
= $101,500
Therefore the given statement is false
As part of a strategic planning process, Midwest Power's senior executives determined positive findings from their SWOT analysis: (1) New regulations will
provide tax credits for renewable ("green") power sources. (2) Their customers will pay higher prices for green power. (3) A competing power utility that
owns renewable power sources is struggling and might be a target to be acquired by Midwest Power. (4) As compared to their competitors, Midwest
Power's management team is one of the best in the industry. A strength of Midwest Power, per the SWOT analysis, is that
Answer:
4) As compared to their competitors, Midwest Power's management team is one of the best in the industry.
Explanation:
The strategic planning process is a documentation that establishes a direction for the small business by assenting where you are asserts the mission and mission along with the long term goals.A person can choose to work any amount from 0 to 52 weeks per year at a wage of $1000 per week.The government implements a welfare program in which the welfare system pays $5000 per year to people with no labor market earnings, but benefits are reduced by $0.50 for each $1 in labor market earnings that a person receives.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
In a responsive culture, _____. management does not expect the employees to challenge or change the status quo. employees feel free to make recommendations to management to change existing practices. management tends to be inward-looking and politically motivated. good ideas do not get communicated upward because management is not very approachable.
In a responsive culture, 'management does not expect the employees to challenge or change the status quo.'
Responsive culture in an organization conveys that it aims to give importance to the needs, and preferences of its customers and adapting to them accordingly. The employees, therefore, are not expected to show defiance against the current circumstances or requirements. They are rather expected to adapt to the present circumstances and serve their customers with the best of their abilities and cater to their demands effectively and efficiently.Learn more about 'Business culture' here:
brainly.com/question/14965381
XYZ expects to sell 28,000 pools in 2019. It budgets the beginning inventory of Direct Materials, Work-in-process, and Finished goods to be 26,000; 0; 1,300 units; AND ending inventory to be 26,000; 0; 2,800 units. How many pools need to be produced
Answer:
the no of pools need to be produced is 29,500 units
Explanation:
The computation of the no of pools need to be produced is given below:
= Ending finished goods inventory units + number of units sold - beginning finished goods inventory units
= 2800 + 28000 - 1300
= 29500 units.
Hence, the no of pools need to be produced is 29,500 units
Read the argument below and determine the underlying principle that was used to come to the conclusion presented: A free college education for every citizen is important because it helps the United States create the best-educated workforce in the world. European countries like Germany are able to provide a free college education to their citizens, and the United States should as well. Which other argument uses the same underlying principle as the argument above?
a. Children should get free dental care, even if they drink a lot of soda which causes cavities.
b. Children should get free dental care because it will help prevent more serious issues later on and reduces future healthcare costs.
c. Every child should get free dental care, even if they can afford to pay for it.
Answer:
1. The underlying principle is
to create the best-educated workforce in the world.
2. The argument that uses the same underlying principle as the argument 1 above is:
b. Children should get free dental care because it will help prevent more serious issues later on and reduces future healthcare costs.
Explanation:
The underlying principle is a general rule which can be applied to different situations. It shows the reason for doing something or embarking on a program. For example, to offer free college education for every U.S. citizen, the underlying principle is to "create the best-educated workforce in the world."
ABC Company uses the allowance method for estimating bad debts. Record the following journal entries:
12/31 ABC Company estimates that $5,000 of accounts receivable will be uncollectible.
3/5 ABC Company wrote off a $1,200 account of a customer, B. Brown.
Answer:
Date Account titles and Explanations Debit Credit
31 Dec Bad debts expense $5,000
Allowance for uncollectible accounts $5,000
(To record bad debts expense recorded)
5 Mar Allowance for uncollectible accounts $1,200
Accounts receivable $1,200
(To record account written off)
Musashi and Rina run a catering business in which they have two major tasks: getting new clients and preparing food for events and parties. It takes Musashi 10 hours to prepare the food for an event and 5 hours of effort to get each new client. For Rina, it takes 12 hours to prepare food for an event and 3 hours to get a new client. In this scenario,____has an absolute advantage in food preparation,and____has a comparative advantage in food preparation.
Answer:
Musashi
Musashi
Explanation:
A person has comparative advantage in production if it produces at a lower opportunity cost when compared to other people.
opportunity cost of preparing food
Musashi = 5 / 10 = 0.20
Rina = 3 / 12 = 0.25
Musashi has a lower opportunity cost in food preparation. She has a comparative advantage in food preparation
A person has absolute advantage in the production of a good or service if it produces more quantity of a good when compared to other people
Musashi prepares food in 10 hours while Rina does in 12 hours
Musashi prepares food faster, thus, she has an absolute advantage in good preparation
