Consider the Fischer ester synthesis of methyl benzoate from benzoic acid and methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A reaction was performed in which 3.3 g of benzoic acid was reacted with excess methanol to make 1.7 g of methyl benzoate. Calculate the theoretical yield and percent yield for this reaction.

Answer:

dissolution is the process

Answer:

6.63 M

Explanation:

NaCl(s) ---> Na^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)

Given that [Na^+] = [Cl^-] = s

Where s= concentration of the both ions

Ksp = s^2

s= √Ksp

s= √43.9

s= 6.63 M

The concentration of Na (in M) obtained when it begins to crystallize out of solution is 6.63 M

The solubility of product (Ksp) is defined as the concentration of products raised to their coefficient coefficients. This is illustrated below:

mX <=> nY + eZ

Ksp = [Y]^n × [Z]^e

NaCl(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + Cl¯(aq)

Ksp = [Na⁺] × [Cl¯]

43.9 =  y × y

43.9 = y²

Take the square root of both side

y = √43.9

y = 6.63 M

Thus, the concentration of Na⁺ is 6.63 M

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Answer:

cis

Explanation:

Cis isomers are formed when the substituents on the carbons of the double bond are on the same side of the double bond, forming a U. Trans isomers have substituents on opposite sides of the double bond, forming a sideways Z.

Answer:

O2 is limiting reactant

Explanation:

To find the limiting reactant we need to convert the mass of each reactant to the moles using the formula weight. And, as 1 mole of C6H12O6 reacts with 6 moles of O2, we can know wich reactant will be over first (Limiting reactant) as follows:

Moles C6H12O6:

650g * (1mol/180.16g) = 3.608 moles C6H12O6

Moles O2:

650g * (1mol/32g) = 20.31 moles O2

Now, for a complete reaction of 3.608 moles of C6H12O6 are required:

3.608 moles C6H12O6 * (6mol O2 / 1mol C6H12O6) = 21.65 moles O2

As there are just 20.31 moles of O2,

Answer:

Blue or Purple color filter

Explanation:

Given that Sodium has an emission spectrum with wavelength ≈ 590nm and for a wavelength of 590nm  the color is yellow.

Hence To filter out the color ( yellow ) to enable the measurement of the Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum, we have to use a filter that possess the complementary color of yellow ( i.e. purple(RYB color model) or blue (RGB additive color model )

therefore color filter to be used = Blue or Purple

Answer:

Explanation:

Na2CO3+Ca(NO3)2=CaCO3+2NaNO3

nNa2CO3=0.02

nCa(NO3)2=0.02

mCaCO3=0.02*100=2 gram

nNaNo3=0.04

Cm=2/15

From the calculation, the mass of the product is 2 g.

A chemical reaction occurs when two more substances are mixed together. In this case, the reaction is shown by; Ca(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 ----> CaCO3(s) + 2NaNO3.

Number of moles of Na2CO3 = 100/1000 L *  0.2 mol/L = 0.02 moles

Number of moles of  Ca(NO3)2 = 200/1000 L *  0.1 mol/L = 0.02 moles

Since the reaction is equimolar, amount of the product = 0.02 moles * 100 g/mol = 2 g

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Answer:

The empirical formula is C4H8O

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Valproic acid is composed of C, H, and O

Mass of the sample = 0.165 grams

Mass of water = 0.166 grams

Mass of CO2 = 0.403 grams

Molar mass of water ( H2O) = 18.02 g/mol

Molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

Atomic mass of C = 12.01 g/mol

Atomic mass of O = 16.0 g/mol

Atomic mass H = 1.01 g/mol (H2 = 2.02 g/mol)

Step 2: The equation

CxHyOz + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Step 3: Calculate the number of carbon in the sample

The carbon comes from CO2

Mass C = (12.01 g/mol/44.01 g/mol) * 0.403 grams

Mass C = 0.110 grams

Step 4: Calculate mass of hydrogen in the sample

The hydrogen comes from H2O

Mass H = (2.02/18.02) * 0.166 grams

MAss H = 0.0186 grams

Step 5: Calculate mass of O

The mass of O in the sample = Mass of sample - mass of H - mass of C

The mass of O = 0.165 grams - 0.110 grams - 0.0186 grams

The mass of O = 0.0364 grams

Step 6: Calculate moles

Moles C = 0.110 grams / 12.01 g/mol = 0.00916 moles

Moles H = 0.0186 / 1.01 = 0.0184 moles

Moles O = 0.0364/16.0 = 0.00228 moles

Step 7: Calculate empirical formula

We divide by the smallest amount of moles

C: 0.00916/ 0.00228 = 4

H: 0.0184/0.00228 = 8

O: 0.00228/0.00228 = 1

The empirical formula is C4H8O

Answer:

a. 9.2

b. 4.4

c. 6.3

Explanation:

In order to calculate the pH of each solution, we will use the definition of pH.

pH = -log [H⁺]

(a) [H⁺] = 5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ M

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log 5.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ = 9.2

Since pH > 7, the solution is basic.

(b) [H⁺] = 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ M

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ = 4.4

Since pH < 7, the solution is acid.

(c) [H⁺] = 5.4 × 10⁻⁷ M

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log 5.4 × 10⁻⁷ = 6.3

Since pH < 7, the solution is acid.

Answer:

22.1

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the number of formula units of lithium nitrate

A 5.08 L solution contains 2.68 × 10²¹ formula units per liter.

5.08 L × 2.68 × 10²¹ formula units/1 L = 1.36 × 10²² formula units

Step 2: Calculate the number of nitrate ions

Lithium nitrate dissociates completely in water according to the following equation.

LiNO₃(aq) ⇒ Li⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)

The molar ratio of LiNO₃ to NO₃⁻ is 1:1. The number of nitrate ions is 1/1 × 1.36 × 10²² = 1.36 × 10²².

Then,

log (1.36 × 10²²) = 22.1

The number of nitrate ions are present in the following aqueous solution is 13.6x10²¹, and log(base 10) value of this is 22.2.

Those salts which are completely dissociate into their ions in the solution form will known as strong electrolyte.

Lithium nitrate is a strong electrolyte and it shows complete dissociation as:

LiNO₃ → Li⁺ + NO₃⁻

Given that,

1 liter of solution containing = 2.68 x 10²¹ formula unit

5.08 L of solution containing = 5.08 x 2.68 x 10²¹ = 13.6x10²¹ formula unit

So, number of nitrate ion in given solution = 13.6x10²¹ formula unit

Log(13.6x10²¹) = 22.1

Hence, required values are 13.6x10²¹ and 22.1.

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Answer:

a. True

Explanation:

An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such determines or defines the structure of a chemical element.

Generally, atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process which typically involves the transformation or rearrangement of the atomic, ionic or molecular structure of an element through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds to produce a new compound or substance.

Hydrogen is the simplest chemical element that exists. The symbol for the chemical element hydrogen is "H" and it is a colourless, tasteless, odorless, and highly flammable gas.

It is a chemical element found in group (1) of the periodic table and as such it has one (1) electron in its outermost shell. Thus, hydrogen has an atomic number of one (1) and a single valence electron because it has only one (1) proton and one (1) electron in its nucleus.

In Stoichiometry, two hydrogen atoms interact to form a hydrogen molecule, with each atom having a single electron in the 1S orbital. These hydrogen atoms react with each other due to the presence of a balanced attractive and repulsive force, which produces a strong covalent bond (H-H) in the hydrogen molecule.

Energy is released in the form of heat when the electrons in the orbitals of the two (2) hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond (H-H); thus, it's an exothermic chemical reaction.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is :

Hydrogen [tex](H_2)[/tex] gas and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] gas react to form water vapor [tex](H_2O)[/tex]. Suppose you have 11.0 mol of [tex]H_2[/tex] and 13.0 mol of [tex]O_2[/tex] in a reactor. Calculate the largest amount of [tex]H_2O[/tex] that could be produced. Round your answer to the nearest 0.1 mol .

Solution :

The balanced reaction for reaction is :

[tex]$2H_2(g) \ \ \ \ + \ \ \ \ \ O_2(g)\ \ \ \rightarrow \ \ \ \ 2H_2O(g)$[/tex]

11.0                      13.0

11/2                       13/1     (dividing by the co-efficient)

6.5 mol               13 mol    (minimum is limiting reagent as it is completely consumed during the reaction)

Therefore, [tex]H_2[/tex] is limiting reagent. It's stoichiometry decides the product formation amount from equation above it is clear that number of moles for [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be produced = number of moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]

                                     = 11.0 mol

Answer:

the metal become red hot

Answer:

The energy required to break a covalent bond

Explanation:

When a chemical bond is formed, energy is released. When a chemical bond is broken, energy is absorbed.

We define the bond dissociation energy as the energy required to break a covalent bond. The process of covalent bond cleavage is endothermic hence energy is absorbed for the process to occur.

Answer:

7.38*10^21

Explanation:

2Na+2H20=2NaOH+H2

nNa=0.0123

number of water moles: 0.012*6*10^23=7.38*10^21

Answer:

NaCN- basic salt

KNO3 - neutral salt

NH4Cl - acid salt

NaHCO3 - acid salt

Na3PO4 - acid salt

Explanation:

Salt hydrolysis a process by which salts react with water giving an acid and a base.

When we dissolve NaCN in water, we have;

NaCN + - ⇄ Na^+ + CN^-

KNO3 ------> K^+ + NO3^-

NH4Cl ------> NH4^+ + Cl^-

NaHCO3 -----> Na^+ + HCO3^-

Na3PO4 ----> 3Na^+ + PO4^3-

Note that if a salt is formed from a weak acid and a strong base, the salt will be a basic salt e.g NaCN formed from weak HCN and strong NaOH.

If a salt is formed from a strong acid and weak base, the salt will be acidic, e.gNH4Cl formed from weak NH3 and strong HCl.

If a salt is formed from a strong acid and strong base, the salt will be neutral, e.g KNO3 formed from strong KOH and strong HNO3.

Explanation:

here's the answer. I just plug the expression into my calculator and find the intercept to avoid the quadratic formula

Answer:

I don't know ❤️

Answer:

I'll see it

Explanation:

Answer:

0.012 moles of electrons were transferred

Explanation:

We can find the number of electrons transferred from the time in seconds and the current in Amperes using the equation:

n = I*t / F

Where n are moles of electrons transferred

I is current in Amperes = 0.2053A

t is time in seconds:

94.3min*(60s/1min) = 5658s

F is faraday constant 96485A*s/mol

Replacing:

n = 0.2053A*5658s / 96485A*s/mol

n = 0.012 moles of electrons were transferred

Moles are the mass per unit molar mass of compound. The number of moles of electrons that are transferred is 0.012 moles.

An electrolytic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy from external sources to conduct the chemical energy in a cell.  

The moles transferred in electrolytic cells are measured as:

[tex]\rm n = \rm \dfrac{I\times t}{F}[/tex]

Given,

Current (I) in amperes = 0.2053 A

Time (t) in seconds = 5658 sec

Faraday constant (F) = 96485 A -s/mol

Substituting values in the equation above moles (n) can be calculated as:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm n &= \dfrac{ 0.2053 \times 5658 }{96485}\\\\&= 0.012 \;\rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, 0.012 moles are transferred in this process.

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Answer:

Cs> Ba> Pb>Si> P>O

Explanation:

Recall that atomic size decreases across a period and increases down the group.

As we move from Cs to Ba, the atomic size decreases across the period. Lead is larger than silicon since atomic size increases down the group.

Between phosphorus and oxygen, phosphorus is larger than oxygen as you move across the period.

Explanation:

since hydrochloric acid is an acid and calcium hydroxide is a base, we know that this is an acid base reaction. The ions will then dissociatiate and bond with one another.

Answer:

Electro positivity increases down the group

In this equilibrium, the chemical system will shift to the right in order to produce more NH₃.

The equilibrium constant of a reaction is defined as:

"The ratio between equilibrium concentrations of products powered to their reaction quotient and  equilibrium concentration of reactants powered to thier reaction quotient".

The reaction quotient, Q, has the same algebraic expressions but use the actual concentrations of reactants.

To solve this question we need this additional information:

For this reaction, K = 6.0x10⁻² and the initial concentrations of the reactants are:

[N₂] = 4.0M; [NH₃] = 1.0x10⁻⁴M and [H₂] = 1.0x10⁻²M

Thus, for the reaction:

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇄ 2NH₃

The equilibrium constant, K, of this reaction, is defined as:

[tex]K = \frac{[NH_3]^2}{[H_2]^3[N_2]}[/tex]

Where [] are concentrations in equilibrium.

And Q, is:

[tex]Q = \frac{[NH_3]^2}{[H_2]^3[N_2]}[/tex]

Where actual concentrations are:

[NH₃] = 1.0x10⁻⁴M

[N₂] = 4.0M

[H₂] = 2.5x10⁻¹M

Replacing:

Q = 1.6x10⁻⁷

As Q < K,

The chemical system will shift to the right in order to produce more NH₃

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Answer:

nucleus is a collection of particles called protons,which are positively charged..and neutrons which are electrically neutral..electrons which are negatively charged..and neutrons are in turn made up of particles called quarks ..

Explanation:

hope this helps u ...

Answer:

The Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.

Answer:

The rate constant of an SN1 reaction depends on the nucleophile

The rate constant of an SN2 reaction does not depend on the nucleophile

Explanation:

Let us recall that in an SN1 reaction, the rate determining step involves only the alkyl halide substrate and not the nucleophile. Hence;

Rate = k[RX]

Therefore;

k= Rate/[RX]

For an SN2 reaction, the rate determining step involves both the nucleophile and the alkyl halide substrate.

Hence;

Rate = k[Nu-] [RX]

k= Rate/[Nu-] [RX]

Note that;

[Nu-] = concentration of the nucleophile

[RX] =concentration of alkyl halide substrate

k= rate constant

We can see from the above derivations that;

1) The rate constant of an SN1 reaction does not depend on the nucleophile

2) The rate constant of an SN2 reaction depends on the nucleophile

Answer:

2Ag(s) + 2H²S(g) + O2(g) ➡️ Ag2S(s) + 2H2O(g)

Explanation:

Sorry for my typo. but you understand

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇄ 2NH₃ + heat

In the given equilibrium, we notice that the heat is on the right. which means that if the heat requirements don't meet, the reactants on the right will no longer react due to the lack of heat

but because the reactants on the left don't have such weaknesses, they will keep reacting hence producing more and more ammonia until a new equilibrium is reached

where there will be more ammonia and less nitrogen and hydrogen as compared to the equilibrium we had initially

Answer:

Explanation:

heat is given out as 1 of the products, along w/ NH3 in the forward reaction. so its an exothermic reaction

decreasing temperature favors exothermic reaction as more heat can be absorbed by the environment

so equilibrium will shift towards the products

Answer:

a. It turns color in the presence of an enzyme that us bound to the secondary antibody.

Explanation:

The compound chloronapthenel is used in the reaction because it changes the color in the presence of an enzyme. It is strong organic compound which is used in biochemical processes.

Answer:

Answer is B) 20.0 moles

Explanation:

From the equation,

1 mole of Fe2O3 = 2 moles of Al

therefore 10.0 moles of Fe2O3 = 10×2

= 20.0 moles.