(a) At what substrate concentration would an enzyme with a kcat of 30.0 s−1 and a Km of 0.0050 M operate at one-quarter of its maximum rate? (b) Determine the fraction of Vmax that would be obtained at the following substrate concentrations [S]: ½Km, 2Km, and 10Km. (c) An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction X ⇌ Y is isolated from two bacterial species. The enzymes have the same Vmax but different Km values for the substrate X. Enzyme A has a Km of 2.0 μM, and enzyme B has a Km of 0.5 μM. The plot below shows the kinetics of reactions carried out with the same concentration of each enzyme and with [X] = 1 μM. Which curve corresponds to which enzyme?
Answers
The missing graph is in the attachment.
Answer: (a) [S] = 0.0016M
(b) Vmax = 3V; Vmax = [tex]\frac{3V}{2}[/tex]; Vmax = [tex]\frac{11V}{10}[/tex]
(c) Enzyme A: black graph; Enzyme B = red graph
Explanation: Enzyme is a protein-based molecule that speed up the rate of a reaction. Enzyme Kinetics studies the reaction rates of it.
The relationship between substrate and rate of reaction is determined by the Michaelis-Menten Equation:
[tex]V=\frac{V_{max}[S]}{K_{M}+[S]}[/tex]
in which:
V is initial velocity of reaction
Vmax is maximum rate of reaction when enzyme's active sites are saturated;
[S] is substrate concentration;
Km is measure of affinity between enzyme and its substrate;
(a) To determine concentration:
[tex]0.25V_{max}=\frac{V_{max}[S]}{0.005+[S]}[/tex]
[tex]0.25V_{max}(0.005+[S])=V_{max}[S][/tex]
[tex]0.00125+0.25[S]=[S][/tex]
0.75[S] = 0.00125
[S] = 0.0016M
For a Km of 0.005M, substrate's concentration is 0.0016M.
(b) Still using Michaelis-Menten:
[tex]V=\frac{V_{max}[S]}{K_{M}+[S]}[/tex]
Rearraging for Vmax:
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(K_{M}+[S])}{[S]}[/tex]
(b-I) for [S] = 1/2Km
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(K_{M}+0.5K_{M})}{0.5K_{M}}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(1.5K_{M})}{0.5K_{M}}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=[/tex] 3V
(b-II) for [S] = 2Km
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(K_{M}+2K_{M})}{2K_{M}}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(3K_M)}{2K_M}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{3V}{2}[/tex]
(b-III) for [S] = 10Km
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(K_{M}+10K_M)}{10K_M}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{V(11K_{M})}{10K_{M}}[/tex]
[tex]V_{max}=\frac{11V}{10}[/tex]
(c) Being the affinity between enzyme and substrate, the lower Km is the less substrate is needed to reach half of maximum velocity.
Km of enzyme A is 2μM and of enzyme B is 0.5μM.
Enzyme B has lower Km than enzyme A, which means the first will need a lower concnetration of substrate to reach half of Vmax.
Analyzing each plot, notice that the red-coloured graph reaches half at a lower concentration, therefore, red-coloured plot is for enzyme B, while black-coloured plot is for enzyme A
Related Questions
The gas inside a neón light compone or element
Answers
Answer:
element
Explanation:
the gas inside a noble gas is made of only one neon atom and is less reactive and would not likely combine with any other element
1. Lani conducted an experiment in which she tested the reactivity of a substance. She placed two
equal samples of a substance into identical beakers. She then filled one beaker with water and
filled the other with vinegar. After a week, she measured the samples. What was the
independent variable in her experiment?
Answers
Answer:
the independent variable is the beakers
Explanation:
what are the names of the subatomic particles in an atom
Answers
Answer:
Protons, Neutrons and electrons
Explanation:
Which of the following is least like the others on the list?
a. Amino acid
b. Ribonucleic acid
c. Nucleic acid
d. Nucleotides
Answers
Explanation:
C option i think but I didn't know
How much energy was absorbed by the water?
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Explanation:
2. What is the pH of the following solutions?
2.1. 50 mmol.dm solution of Ba(OH)2
Answers
i hope this helps (please mark brainliest)
A crate is pulled with a force of 165 N at an angle 30 °
northwest. What is the resultant horizontal force on the crate?
Help asap
Answers
Answer:
143 N
Explanation:
Explain the arrangement of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.
Please help! Will give brainliest!
Answers
There are various kind of elements that are present in periodic table. Elements that are metals are kept on left side of periodic table and elements which are non metals are kept on right side of periodic table.
What is periodic table?Periodic table is a table in which we find elements with properties like metals, non metals and metalloids element arranges in increasing atomic number.
The first 20 elements of periodic table are Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium and Calcium. Out of these Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, Magnesium. Potassium and Calcium are metals so they are kept on the left side of the periodic table while others are non metals so they are kept on right side of periodic table.
Learn more about periodic table, here:
https://brainly.com/question/11155928
#SPJ2
Which atom has the greatest ionization energy?
C
N
O
F
Answers
Answer:
helium
The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.
What is the air temperature 8,850 m in the air?
Answers
It is expected that as the temperature goes up by the above method, frozen carbon dioxide will defrost and evaporate into the atmosphere, raising temperatures even more. Why would this be
Answers
Answer:
CO2 is a green house gas
Explanation:
CO2 is believed to act as a canopy over the earth's surface absorbing infrared (heat ray) from the earth and re-emitting it back to the earth.
By so doing, temperature is increased and more frozen CO2 will defrost causing even greater temperature rise.
The gradual rise in the earth's temperature is known as global warming.
4. How many joules of heat energy does it take to burn off 500 000 cal of potato chips?
(1 cal = 4.184 )) Show your work.
Answers
Answer:
[tex]2,092,000J[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello.
In this case, we need to perform a unit conversion problem between cal and joule, taking into account that 1 cal equals 4.184 joules of energy, therefore, we write the following proportional factor:
[tex]500,000cal*\frac{4.184J}{1cal}[/tex]
Whereas the 1 cal is written under the line in order to simplify the initial can and the 4.184 J on the line as joules are the required units. Thus, we obtain:
[tex]2,092,000J[/tex]
As the energy required to burn off such amount of energy given of potato chips.
Best regards.
A protein was previously determined to contain 16.2 wt% nitrogen. A 691 μL aliquot of a solution containing the protein was digested in boiling sulfuric acid. The solution was made basic and the liberated NH3 was collected in 10.00 mL of 0.0390 M HCl . A volume of 4.16 mL of 0.0155 M NaOH was required to react with the excess, unreacted HCl . Calculate the protein concentration of the solution in units of milligrams per milliliter.
Answers
Answer:
6.60mg N / mL
Explanation:
All nitrogen is converted in NH₃ that react with the HCl, thus:
NH₃ + HCl → NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻
In the problem, the excess of HCl reacts with NaOH, thus:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
The moles of NaOH = Moles of HCl in excess is:
4.16mL = 4.16x10⁻³L * (0.0155mol / L) = 6.448x10⁻⁵mol HCl in excess
Initial moles of HCl are:
10x10⁻³L * (0.0390mol / L) = 3.9x10⁻⁴moles HCl
That means the moles of HCl that reacts = Moles of NH3 = Moles of N are:
3.9x10⁻⁴ moles - 6.448x10⁻⁵moles = 3.2552x10⁻⁴ moles N.
To convert these moles to grams we need to use molar mass of N = 14.01g/mol:
3.2552x10⁻⁴ moles N * (14.01g/mol) = 4.56x10⁻³g * (1000mg / g) =
4.56mg of N
And volume in mL is:
691 μL * (1mL / 1000μL) = 0.691mL
Concentration in milligrams per mililiter is:
4.56mg N / 0.691mL =
6.60mg N / mLThe reactants are
A
the substances present when the reactions begin.
B
the substances present when the reaction is complete.
C
the properties that change after the reaction.
D
the energy that is released or stored during the reaction.
pls, hurry!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
The isotope of an atom containing 31 protons and 39 neutrons suddenly has two neutrons added to it. What isotope is create?
Answers
Methylene Chloride (MC) is a common ingredient of paint removers. Besides being an irritant, it also may be absorbed through skin. When using this paint remover chemical protective clothing should be worn. If thick butyl rubber gloves (0.1 cm thick) are used, D in butyl rubber is 110 x 10-8 cm2/s, and surface concentrations are 0.44, and 0.02 g/cm3. If the surface of a glove is 50 cm2, the amount of MC transported through the glove in 3 hours will be: Answer in grams (g).
Answers
Answer:
2.5 g
Explanation:
First we have to calculate the diffusion flux (J). To calculate, we use the formula:
[tex]J=-D\frac{dC}{dx}=-D\frac{C_2-C_1}{x_2-x_1}\\ \\Given\ that:\\\\x_2-x_1=0.1\ cm,D=110*10^{-8}cm^2/s,C_2=0.02g/cm^3,C_1=0.44g/cm^3\\\\Substituting:\\\\J=-110*10^{-8}(\frac{0.02-0.44}{0.1} )=4.62*10^{-6}g/cm^2s\\\\But, J=\frac{M}{At}\\ \\t=3\ hours=10800\ s,A=50\ cm^2\\\\Substituting:\\\\4.62*10^{-6}=\frac{M}{50*10800}\\ \\M=4.62*10^{-6}*50*10800\\\\M=2.5\ g[/tex]
For the equation 2KCI + CaF₂ ⇒ 2 KF + CaCI₂, 55.1 mol KCI is reacted with 46.7 mol CaF₂.
1. What is the limiting reactant?
2. How many moles of KF will be produced?
Please Show all your work!! Thank you!
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Finding Limiting reactant:
Convert all reactant data to moles, divide by respective coefficient => smaller value is the limiting reactant.
Given 2KCl + CaF₂ => 2KF + CaCl₂
55.1mole 46.7mole
(55.1/2) = 27.55 (46.7/1) = 46.7
Limiting reactant is KCl b/c smaller value after dividing by respective coefficients. CaF₂ will be in excess when rxn consumes all KCl.
Moles KF = 55.1 mole as coefficients of two substances in balanced equation are equal.
Answer:
2
Explanation:
what do borates do structurally that none of the other non silicates with anionic complexes do g
Answers
Answer:
Kindly check the explanation section.
Explanation:
The chemical compound known as Borates has the Molecular Formula: BO3^-3. It has the shape of a triangle but Borates can form multiples ones that is to say quadrangles. Also, as a result of the fact that the octect is not complete, Borates are used as lewis Acid.
The oxygen present in Borates is/are directly attached to the central atom that is Boron while in non silicates the oxygen(s) that may be present is not directly attached to the central atom.
Complete the equation for the conversion of sucrose into glucose
(1)C12H22O11 + H2O
Answers
Answer:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → C₅H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆
Explanation:
Chemical equation:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → C₅H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆
Source of sucrose:
Sucrose is present in roots of plants and also in fruits. It is storage form of energy. Some insects and bacteria use sucrose as main food. Best example is honeybee which collect sucrose and convert it into honey.
Monomers of sucrose and hydrolysis:
Sucrose consist of monomers glucose and fructose which are join together through glycosidic bond. Hydrolysis break the sucrose molecule into glucose and fructose. In hydrolysis glycosidic bond is break which convert the sucrose into glucose and fructose. Hydrolysis is slow process but this reaction is catalyze by enzyme. The enzyme invertase catalyze this reaction.
The given reaction also completely follow the law of conservation of mass. There are equal number of atoms of elements on both side of chemical equation thus mass remain conserved.
Select the true statement(s) abut Polymers: Group of answer choices Thermoplastics have low melting temperature because of the week van der Waals bonds between their Long Chain Molecules Thermoplastics have low strength because of the week van der Waals bonds between their Long Chain Molecules Polymers have low densities because of the week van der Waals bonds between their Long Chain Molecules Polymer chains once synthesized they will remain stable in the environment because of the strong covalent bonds in the Long Chain Molecules
Answers
Answer:
Thermoplastics have low melting temperature because of the week van der Waals bonds between their Long Chain Molecules
Polymer chains once synthesized they will remain stable in the environment because of the strong covalent bonds in the Long Chain Molecules
Explanation:
Thermoplastics are polymers that are easily melted and changed to another shape as many times as possible. They become molten when they are heated and solidify when cooled. Examples of thermoplastics include; polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyamides, polyesters, and polyurethanes.
Polymers are organic materials that consists of a long chain of atoms held together by strong covalent bonds. Polymers constitute an important environmental concern because most polymers are non biodegradable and remain in the environment almost indefinitely.
Which example is a trace fossil?
dinosaur footprint
wooly mammoth tusk
insect in amber
dinosaur egges characteristics of a mineral
Answers
Answer:
dinosaur footprint
Explanation:
dinosaur footprint because the deffinition of trace fossil is a fossil of a foot print
Answer: Dinosaur footprint should be correct!
Explanation: As in the name, trace footprints are practically just traces, so a Dino print is a perfect example! The dinosaur left a trace, leaving evidence about it, for science to study:) please let me know if this helps! :)
Helpppp fasttttttttttttttt Choose the best word to complete the sentence.
The teacher asked us to determine if the triangle was
a vegetal
C. Vertex
b. equilateral
d. negative space
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answers
Answer:
equilateral (B)
Explanation:
it is the only word which relates to triangles and their shape - plus, its logical and makes sense.
Answer:
its b
Explanation:
All living things are made of organic compounds which contain the element
A)
carbon.
B)
hydrogen.
C)
oxygen.
D)
phosphorus.
Answers
explanation; ( i’m smart )
I have a question. Does anyone have a crush on their classmates? I do!
Answers
Answer:
I never had a crush on anyone
Explanation:
what are proteins? (simple definition please)
Answers
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Hope this helps!
Answer:
Proteins are carbohydrates that come from nutritious food.
They are one of the four main carbohydrates.
This is a simple definition of the word proteins.
Hope this helps!
Which characteristics describe the genetic code of humans? Select three options
Answers
Answer:
1. Can help in development of effective medications
2. Can help explain genetic diseases
3. Composed of about 19,000 genes
Explanation:
The other answer options are misleading.
Genetic code of humans can help with understanding more than just human genetics.
Human genetics is composed of 23 chromosome pairs, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Which characteristic of life is described as the transfer of DNA from parent to offspring, and is important for keeping a species alive
A. Homeostasis
B. Cell Organization
C. Heredity
Answers
Answer:
C. Heredity
Explanation:
Homeostasis means that an organism can control its own body temperature. This is important because if we couldn't control our temperature, then our cells would have trouble working properly from being to hot or cold.
Cell organization means that our body and cells can organize themselves into groups that work together. For example, cells form groups and tissue for different organs while other cells form nerves.
Heredity is the passing of genes from parent to offspring
the pH of a HClO4 solution was measured as 4.251. What would be the concentration of HClO4 in this solution
Answers
Answer:
[tex]0.000056[/tex]
Explanation:
If [tex]pH[/tex] is given then hydronium ion concentration is equal to [tex]-log[H_3O^+][/tex]
The hydronium ion concentration can be found from the pH using the following formula:
Hydronium ion concentration = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex]
As the pH of a HClO4 solution was measured as 4.251,
put [tex]pH=4.251[/tex]
So,
Concentration of HClO4 in the solution = [tex]10^{-4.251}=0.000056[/tex]
16. As he developed his periodic table, Mendeleev grouped the elements lithium,
sodium, and potassium together. What observation was likely a factor in his decision
to group these elements?
Answers
Answer:
the reactivity and the valence electrons
Explanation:
the reactivity of the elements would have played a significant role in why such elements were grouped together. the number of valence electrons dictates how reactive an element is - the less valence electrons the more reactive it is. the column, group 1 in which these elements are put together in, show that each of the elements have 1 valence electrons and are therefore reactive.
you can go on to further explain what valence electrons are, explain what the group numbers are associated with the valence electrons and how valence electrons effect reactivity. further this, talk about how the three elements have the same number of valence electrons and therefore were grouped together
how many protons electrons and nuetrons does zn have
